Changing the way you learn

Question 1

Question

When a nurse observes muscle stiffening occurring within 6-14 hours after death, the nurse should document this finding as _____ present.

Answer

Gangrene
Rigor mortis
Livor mortis
Algor mortis

Question 2

Question

A 75-year-old male presents with chest pain on exertion. The chest pain is most likely due to hypoxic injury secondary to:

Answer

Free radicals
Malnutrition
Chemical toxicity
Ischemia

Question 3

Question

A 55-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is examined for respiratory disturbance. Examination of his airway (bronchial) reveals that stratified squamous epithelial cells have replaced the normal columnar ciliated cells. This type of cellular adaptation is called:

Answer

Dysplasia
Hyperplasia
Metaplasia
Anaplasia

Question 4

Question

After a geneticist talks to the patient about being a chromosomal mosaic, the patient asks the nurse what that means. How should the nurse respond? You may _____ genetic disease(s).

Answer

Have a mild form of the
Have two
Only be a carrier of the
Be sterile as a result of the

Question 5

Question

A 40-year-old female is diagnosed with cervical cancer after a Pap smear. Which of the following cellular changes would the nurse most likely see on the report?

Answer

Atrophy
Dysplasia
Metaplasia
Hypertrophy

Question 6

Question

A family presents to their primary care provider reporting headache, nausea, weakness, and vomiting. Which of the following would be the most likely explanation for these symptoms?

Answer

Mercury poisoning
Carbon monoxide poisoning
Lead exposure
Ethanol poisoning

Question 7

Question

A child is born with blue eyes (bb). The child's mother has blue eyes and the father has brown eyes. Which of the following represents the father?

Answer

Question 8

Question

A group of prison inmates developed tuberculosis following exposure to an infected inmate. On examination, tissues were soft and granular (like clumped cheese). Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Answer

Liquefactive necrosis
Autonecrosis
Coagulative necrosis
Caseous necrosis

Question 9

Question

A 50-year-old female became infected with Clostridium bacteria and died a week later. Examination of her red blood cells revealed lysis of membranes. Which of the following was the most likely cause of her death?

Answer

Fat necrosis
Gas gangrene
Wet gangrene
Gangrenous necrosis

Question 10

Question

A couple has three offspring: one child with an autosomal dominant disease trait and two who are normal. The father is affected by the autosomal dominant disease, but the mother does not have the disease gene. What is the recurrence risk of this autosomal dominant disease for their next child?

Answer

Impossible to determine
25%
33%
50%

Question 11

Question

A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the fetus has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to describe this condition?

Answer

biploidy
tetraploidy
aneuploidy
triploidy

Question 12

Question

Which of the following mutations have the most significant effect on protein synthesis?

Answer

Silent mutations
Frameshift mutations
Base pair substitutions
Intron mutations

Question 13

Question

The condition in which an extra portion of a chromosome is present in each cell is called:

Answer

Down syndrome
Inversion
Partial trisomy
Reciprocal translocation

Question 14

Question

When homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis, which of the following occurs?

Answer

Conjoined twins
Polyploidy
Neurofibromatosis
Nondisjunction

Question 15

Question

A nurse recalls the basic components of DNA are:

Answer

Codons, oxygen, and cytosine
A phosphate molecule, deoxyribose, and four nitrogenous bases
Adenine, guanine, and purine
Pentose sugars and four phosphate bases

Question 16

Question

The gradual increase in height among the human population over the past 100 years is an example of:

Answer

A polygenic trait
Crossing over
Recombination
A multifactorial trait

Question 17

Question

To express a polygenic trait:

Answer

Several genes must act together.
Penetrance must occur.
Genes must interact with the environment.
Multiple mutations must occur in the same family.

Question 18

Question

A patient has a heart attack that leads to progressive cell injury that causes cell death with severe cell swelling and breakdown of organelles. What term would the nurse use to define this process?

Answer

Pathologic calcification
Apoptosis
Necrosis
Adaptation

Question 19

Question

A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission of this disease is associated with:

Answer

Expressivity
Delayed age of onset
Penetrance
Recurrence risk

Question 20

Question

A normal male and a female carrier for red-green color blindness mate. Given that red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive trait, what is the likelihood of their children being affected?

Answer

Females most affected; no males affected
50%
25%
Males most affected; no females affected

Question 21

Question

A 52-year-old male suffered a myocardial infarction secondary to atherosclerosis and ischemia. Once oxygen returned to the damaged heart, reperfusion injury occurred as a result of:

Answer

Lipid acceptor proteins
Free radical formation
Vacuolation
Increased metabolic state

Question 22

Question

While reading a textbook, the student reads the term, "apoptosis." The student recalls that apoptosis is a condition in which cells program themselves to:

Answer

Atrophy
Age
Regenerate
Die

Question 23

Question

During childhood, the thymus decreases in size, and this is referred to as _____ atrophy.

Answer

Disuse
Pathologic
Neurogenic
Physiologic

Question 24

Question

A 55-year-old male has swelling of the feet. Which of the following aided in development of swelling?

Answer

Decreased oncotic pressure
Increased ATP
Chloride movement out of the cell
Na+ movement into the cell

Question 25

Question

A 50-year-old male sustained a closed head injury as a result of a motor vehicle accident. CT scan revealed a collection of blood between the inner surface of the dura mater and the surface of the brain. Which type of injury will the nurse be caring for?

Answer

Epidural hematoma
Abrasion
Contusion
Subdural hematoma

Question 26

Question

Mutations that do not change the amino acid sequence and thus have no consequence are termed _____ mutations.

Answer

Silent
Frameshift
Spontaneous
Missense

Question 27

Question

A report comes back indicating that muscular atrophy has occurred. A nurse recalls that muscular atrophy involves a decrease in muscle cell:

Answer

Vacuoles
Number
Size
Lipofuscin

Question 28

Question

Which of these conditions follows a multifactorial pattern of inheritance?

Answer

Marfan syndrome
Down syndrome
Coronary artery disease
Tay-Sachs disease

Question 29

Question

A person's phenotype can be best described as:

Answer

Traits that are observable or apparent
Traits that are inherited in a dominant pattern
Traits that are inherited in a recessive pattern
The genetic make up of an individual

Question 30

Question

The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syndrome. What is the nurse describing?

Answer

Maternal nondisjunction
Paternal translocations
Maternal translocations
Paternal nondisjunction

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Module 1 - Patho (Ch. 1-4)

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Question 25

Question 26

Question 27

Question 28

Question 29

Question 30

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	Created by Robinmarie Rivera over 7 years ago