MINERALS

MINERALS

A NATURAL OCCURRING SUBSTANCE THAT HAS A DEFINITE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION IS A MINERAL. THEY ARE FORMED IN GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTS UNDER VARIOUS CONDITIONS. THEY ARE CREATED BY NATURAL PROCESS WITHOUT ANY HUMAN INTERFERENCE. THEY CAN BE IDENTIFIED ON THE BASIS OF THEIR COLOR, DENSITY, HARDNESS AND SOLUBILITY. THEY ARE EXTRACTED BY MINING, DRILLING OR QUARRYING. THEY ARE NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES. IT TAKES MILLIONS OF YEARS FOR THE FORMATION OF MINERALS.

TYPES OF MINERALS

METALLIC THEY CONTAIN METAL IN RAW  FORM. THEY ARE GOOD CONDUCTOR OF HEAT AND ELECTRICITY. THEY HAVE LUSTRE AND SHINE. EG. IRON ORE, MANGANESE ORE AND BAUXITE ETC. THERE ARE 2 TYPES OF METALLIC MINERALS.

NON-METALLIC THEY DO NOT CONTAIN METAL EG. LIMESTONE, MICA AND GYPSUM ETC. MINERALS FUELS LIKE COAL AND PETROLEUM.

TYPES OF METALLIC MINERALS

FERROUS THEY CONTAIN IRON. EG. IRON ORE, MANGANESE AND CHROMITES.

NON-FERROUS THEY DO NOT HAVE IRON. EG. GOLD, SILVER, COPPER AND LEAD.

EXTRACTION OF MINERALS

MINING THE TAKING OUT OF MINERALS FROM ROCKS BURIED UNDER THE EARTH'S SURFACE IS CALLED MINING. OPEN CAST -> MINERALS THE LIE AT SHALLOW DEPTHS ARE TAKEN OUT BY REMOVING THE SURFACE LAYER. SHAFT -> DEEP BORES (SHAFTS) ARE MADE TO REACH MINERAL DEPOSITS THAT LIE AT GREAT DEPTHS.

DRILLING DEEP WELLS ARE BORE TO TAKE OUT MINERALS. EG. PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS ARE TAKEN OUT. QUARRYING MINERALS ARE TAKEN OUT THAT LIE NEAR THE SURFACE THEY ARE JUST SIMPLY DUG OUT BY THIS PROCESS.

ROCKS WITH MINERALS

IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC ROCKS METALLIC ROCKS ARE FOUND IN THESE ROCKS .EG. COPPER AND NICKEL IN CANADA IRON, NICKEL, CHROMITES AND PLATINUM IN     SOUTH AFRICA

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS    NON-METALLIC ARE FOUND IN THESE ROCKS. EG. LIMESTONE IN FRANCE, MANGANESE IN GEORGI, UKRAINE COAL AND PETROLEUM

MINERALS DEPOSITS

ASIA the major iron ore deposits in INDIA & CHINA. it also have bauxite, manganese, nickel, zinc & copper. it produces more than half of the world's TIN. tin producers : china, Malaysia & Indonesia.

EUROPE the leading producer of IRON ORE. iron ore : Russia, Ukraine, Sweden & France eastern Europe & European Russia : copper, lead, zinc, manganese & nickel.

NORTH AMERICA CANADIAN SHIELD REGION - north of greaT lakes : iron ore, nickel, gold, uranium & copper. APPALACHIANS REGION - coal WESTERN CORDILLERAS - MOUNTAIN RANGES : copper, lead , zinc, silver and gold

SOUTH AMERICA BRAZIL is the largest producer of iron ore in world. leading producers of copper : Chile & Peru largest producer of tin in the world : BRAZIL, BOLIVIA. deposits : gold, silver, zinc, chromium, mica etc  

AFRICA it is rich in MINERAL RESOURCES. LARGEST PRODUCERS in the world : diamonds, gold and platinum. produces the large portion of gold : south Africa, Zimbabwe and Zaire. other minerals : copper, iron ore, cobalt and bauxite. OIL is found in Nigeria, Libya and Angola.

Australia LARGEST PRODUCERS in the world OF bauxite. leading producer : gold, diamond, iron ore, tin and nickel also rich in copper, lead, zinc and manganese. largest deposits of gold : Kalgoorlie & Coolgardie area of western Australia.

ANTARCTICA it has variety of mineral deposits. COAL : significant size of it in trans antarctic Mountains. IRON : prince Charles mountains of east Antarctica. also have iron ore, gold, silver and oil.

DISTRIBUTION IN INDIA

IRON : madhya pradesh, Goa, Maharashtra & odisha. BAUXITE : madhya pradesh, Maharashtra & odisha. MICA : bihar, rajasthan & Andhra pradesh. India is largest producer and exporter of it. COPPER : rajasthan, madhya pradesh & Andhra pradesh. MANGANESE : Maharashtra, madhya pradesh, odisha & Andhra pradesh. LIMESTONE : odisha, madhya pradesh, rajasthan & Tamil Nadu. GOLD : kolar (Karnataka) these mines are deepest on the world which makes mining of these ore expensive. SALT: sea, lakes and rocks ( India is the world leading producers and exporter of salt)

USES OF MINERALS

IN INDUSTRIES IN VARIOUS JEWELLERY (GEMS) MAKING OF COINS, PIPES ETC (COPPER) THE COMPUTER INDUSTRY (SILICON) AUTOMOBILES AND AIRPLANES (BAUXITE)

CONSERVATION OF MINERALS

IT IS FOSSIL FUEL AND NON-RENEWABLE ALSO SO IT SHOULD BE CONSERVE BY REDUCING WASTAGE IN THE PROCESS OF MINING. RECYCLING IS ALSO ANOTHER WAY TO CONSERVE. END!!!!