Disease Surveillance

Introduction
1. Disease surviellenc in the UK is undertaken through a hierachal system of organsations ranging from DEFRA to on farm monitoring
2. This hieracal system is in place to identify, and prevent the spread of infectious disease
3. Before assessing the governements latst consultation on disease survielance it is important to discuss the current organisations involved in disease surviellence and evaluate the measures inplace for ID and prevention of rapid disease spreadThe most recent governtment consultation
4. There have been over 14 exotic disease outbreaks in the last 10 years (FMD, BSE, BT, SCH, H5N1)
  1. Cost £2m -£3bill
  2. Important to monitor in a population to prevent economic loss and comprimise animal welfare
Discuss current organisations involved in disease surveillence
1. DEFRA
  1. AHVLA (Animal Health and Veterinary Laboritories Agency)
    1. Safeguard public health and animal health and welfare
      1. Monitor endemic disease trends
    2. Primary work to prevent and control animal disease through activity on farm, markets and other livestock premesis as well as controlling import and export
    3. Carry out inspections e.g. egg and dairy
    4. Responsible for ELISA and PCR testing and forefront of current research, providing monthly and quarterly summaries
    5. AHVLA implements and enforces English, Scottish, and Welsh policies that seek to:
      1. •Prevent, control and where feasible eradicate notifiable diseases
      2. •Prevent notifiable animal diseases from entering the human food chain and endangering public health, the economy and rural community
      3. •Ensure the safe disposal of products of animal origin intended for human consumption
  2. VMD (Veterinary Medicine Directorate)
    1. Assessment, issue, and maintenance, of all vet medicine authorisation in accordance with EU and UK legislation
    2. Pharmacovigilance through survielance of Suspected Adverse Events (SAE)
    3. R&D and policy guidance of vet med issues
      1. e.g. antimicrobial/ anthemintic resistance
  3. FSA (Food Standards Agency)
    1. Ensure animal disease does not pose a risk to food safetly
    2. Intergrates with other bodies to monitor animal disease e.g.T.B.
  4. UK Gov dept responsible for policy on food and rural issue, supported by 37 agencies and public bodies
    1. RADAR
      1. Brings together key info from other systems about disease in structured way
      2. Contains data about number, location and summaries disease risks in the UK
      3. Intergrates data collected from seperate organisation, analyses and redistributes th knowledge
2. UKZADI (UK Zoonoses Animal Diseases and Infections)
  1. Independant comitee from agriculture and human health departments
  2. Coordinate public health actions on local and national level with regard to existing and emerging zoonotic infections, trends in resistance and animal related chemical risk to food
3. NADIS (National Animal Disease Information Service)
  1. Formed 1995 to help promote AHAW thru better disease control and prevention
  2. Online Vet based AH resource for farmers, written by expert, peer review and present visually
  3. Monthly parasite forecasts
    1. Outline challenge facing catttle and sheep in regions
    2. SCOPS (sustainable control of parasites in sheep
  4. Monthly disease forecast
4. Food Processors
  1. Milk buyers
    1. Cell counts bactoscan
  2. Abbatoirs
    1. ABP example with Fluke reports
5. Pharmaceutical company
  1. Free/ reduced price disease checks
    1. e.g. subsidises milk sampling
6. ON FARM
  1. Vet
    1. Diagnosis of disease
    2. Notifying disease to upper bodies
    3. Movement licence
  2. Farmer
    1. Report notifiable diseases
    2. Animal testing
      1. e.g. NMR milk tests
        Johnes, Lepto BVD
    3. Record keeping
    4. Voluntary movement testing

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Disease Surveillance

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