Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Problems that a theory of linguistic
change must answer.
- The constraints problem
- In what linguistic and social conditions
are certain changes likely or unlikely?
- The transition problem
- What intervening stages "can be observed, or
must be posited, between any two forms of a
language defined for a language community at
different times?
- The embedding
problem
- How are changes embedded in the matrix
of linguistic and extralinguistic
concomitants of the forms in question?
- The evaluation problem
- How can the observed changes be evaluated - in terms of
their effects upon linguistic structure, upon
communicative efficiency, and on the wide range of
nonrepresentational factors involved in speaking?
- The actuation riddle
- How and why do changes begin?