Cardio Sign and Symptoms

Origin of Cardiac Dysfunction
1. Heart is a pump
2. Dysfunctions
  1. Damaged Myocardium
  2. Valvular Heart DIsease
  3. Cardiomyopathy
  4. Arrhythmia
Heart Requirements
1. O2
  1. Symptom
    1. Chest tightness
    2. radiation to arm and jaw
    3. Anxious
  2. Signs
    1. Pallor
    2. Sympathetic drive
      1. Cold
      2. Sweating
    3. Parasympathetic
      1. Nausea
      2. Vomitting
2. Electrolytes
  1. Na+
  2. Mg2+
3. Blood & BP
  1. Overload
    1. Ventricle dialation
  2. Afterload
    1. Ventricular Hyperthrophy
4. Intact electrical circuit
Pump Failure
1. LVF
  1. Sign
    1. Pulmonary Oedema
      1. Bibasal creps
  2. Symptoms
    1. Dyspnoea
      1. Orthopnea
      2. Paroxysmal Noctural (PND)
2. RVF
  1. Sign
    1. Fluid retention
    2. Raised JVP
    3. Hepatomegaly
  2. Symptoms
    1. Peripheral Oedema
3. Decreased renal Perfusion
  1. Fluid retention
  2. Ankle Oedema
  3. Ascites
Hx
1. Pain
  1. SOCRATES
2. Palpitations
  1. Rate
  2. Rhythm
3. Dyspnoea
  1. Orthopnea
4. Fatigue
5. Intermittent Claudication
  1. Atherosclerosis
6. Anxiety
  1. RF
7. Stress
8. Diaphoresis
  1. Unusual sweating
9. Pallor
  1. Anemia
Exam
1. Vitals
  1. HR
  2. BP
  3. RR
  4. O2 %
2. HFailure
  1. ++JVP
  2. 3rd Heart sounds
  3. Bibasal Crep
  4. Liver
    1. Pulsatile
    2. Tender
  5. Lower limb Oedema
3. CARDIOGENIC SHOCK
  1. Hypotension
  2. Tachycardia
  3. Impaired Cognition
  4. Cool Skin
  5. Pale skin
4. Mechanical problems (Valvular/ Structural)
  1. Murmur
    1. Ventricle Septal Defect
    2. Mitral regurg
5. Vascular disease
  1. Carotid Bruit
    1. Turbulent flow due to narrowing of b.vessel
  2. AAA
  3. Pulses
    1. Peripheral Pulses
      1. Lower Limb
        Dorsalis Pedis
        Post Tibialis
        Popliteal
        Femoral
    2. Face
      1. Submandibular
      2. Temple
    3. Upper Limb
      1. Brachial
      2. Radial
CHF
1. RHF
  1. Right S3/S4 Gallop
2. LHF
  1. Left S3/S4 Gallop
3. Fatigue
4. Dry Cough
Arrythmias
1. Asymptomatic
2. Symptomatic
  1. Palpitation
  2. Lightheadedness
    1. Syncope
  3. Low Energy
  4. Angina
  5. Irregular Pulse
3. SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH
Valve DIsease
1. Aortic Stenosis
  1. Pulsus Parvus et tardus
    1. weak/small (parvus)
    2. late (tardus)
  2. Systolic Murmur radiating to carotid
2. Mitral Regurg
  1. Holosystolic murmur to axilla
3. Aortic regurg
  1. Blowing Diastolic murmur
  2. deMusset's sign
    1. Head bobbing with heart beat
  3. Corrigan’s waterhammer pulse
    1. a pulse that is bounding and forceful, rapidly increasing and subsequently collapsing
  4. duroziez’s sign
    1. Femoral bruit

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Cardio Sign and Symptoms

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