Biology - Infection and response 2

DEFENCE IN PLANTS
1. superficial layer
  1. physical barrier against pathogens
2. 1st line of defence
  1. happens when detect presence of foreign invader
    1. alert surrounding cells
      1. build up cell wall for protection
      2. release molecules harmful to invading pathogen
  2. intact and impenetrable
    1. composed of bark + waxy cuticle
    2. compromised by weather
3. 2nd line of defence
  1. hypersensitive response, defence mechanism
    1. causes cells + tissue around infection to die to prevent spread of pathogen
      1. seal off infected areas
4. roots release chemicals attract bacteria to fight infection
  1. close stomata
5. produce antimicrobial chemicals + proteins + enzymes
DEFICIENCY IN PLANTS
1. nitrate deficiency
  1. needed to build protein + growth
  2. stunted growth, leaves yellow
2. magnesium deficiency
  1. causes chlorosis
  2. needed for photosynthesis
  3. leaves turn yellow
  4. Mg needed for green pigment
    1. cannot trap light effectively
PLANT DISEASE
1. suffer from..
  1. worms
  2. bacteria
  3. viruses
  4. fungi
  5. insects
2. FUNGAL DISEASE
  1. rose black spot
    1. affects leaves, reduces photosynthesis
      1. destroys crops
        barley,wheat
      2. burn leaves/stems/ antifungal spray
3. VIRAL DISEASE
  1. tobacco mosaic virus
    1. discoloured leaves
      1. reduces photosynthesis ability
      2. stays in soil
      3. remove decaying leaves from plant and surrounding soil, burn
4. INSECTS
  1. aphids
    1. live off plant sap
  2. decrease growth + damage leaves
    1. cannot photosynthesis
      1. spray/use ladybugs to eat them
5. gardening manual/website
  1. taking infected plants to a laboratory

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Biology - Infection and response 2

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