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1464230
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Beschreibung
Basic overview of the cardiovascular system
Keine Merkmale angegeben
white blood cells
heart
cardiovascular system
ecg
atrium
ventricle
nerve
impulse
chambers
vein
artery
capillaries
Mindmap von
offintowonderland
, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von
offintowonderland
vor etwa 10 Jahre
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
FUNCTIONS OF THE BLOOD
Transport gasses e.g. oxygen & CO2
Distributes nutrients e.g. proteins/lipids/carbohydrates
Transport metabolic waste
Delivers enzymes & hormones e.g Adrenaline
Regulate pH & Electrolytes e.g. salts
Defends body against toxins & pathogens
Regulate body temperature
Restricts fluid loss through damaged vessels
COMPOSITION OF BLOOD
Blood cells = 45%
Plasma = 55%
TYPES OF BLOOD CELLS
Ethrocytes = red cells
Thrombocytes = platelets
Leukocytes = white cells
TYPES OF BLOOD VESSELS
Arteries
Arterioles (small artery)
Carry blood away from heart
Oxygenated blood
High pressure
Thick muscular elastic walls
3 layers thick
Expand & accommodate increase blood volume
Veins
Venules (small veins)
Carry blood to heart
Deoxygenated blood
Valves present
Lower pressure
Thin elastic walls
2 layers thick
Capillaries
Smallest vessel
Extremely narrow
1 layer thick
Carry blood from artery to vein
Pressure is low
Flow of blood slow
Gaseous exchange & nutrients occur
Heart
HEART WALL
Pericardium
Outer layer
Blood lymph capillaries & nerve fibres
Myocardium
Thin middle layer
Cardiac muscle tissue
Endocardium
Inner layer
Forms part of valves in heart
HEART CHAMBERS
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
SYSTOLE
1. Contraction of heart muscle
2. Atria relax & expands
3. Semi lunar valve open
4. Tricuspid & Bicuspid valve closed
5. ventricles contract
6. Blood flows to lungs & body
DIASTOLE
Relaxation of heart muscle
1. Atria contracts
2. Semi lunar valve closed
3. Tricuspid & Bicuspid valves open
4. Ventricles relax & expand
5. Blood flows from atria to ventricles
HEART BEAT
Myogenic
Inilated from within heart muscle
Automatic nerve system in control
Cardiac control centre influence cerebrum & hypothalamus
Be stimulated or inhibited by nerve impulses
Release of adrenaline from adrenal medulla is control factor
SA NODE
Located in wall of right atria near vena cava
Determines heartbeat
Initiate heartbeat
Usually keeps heartbeat regular
Automatic excitation pulse every 0.85 sec
Cause artria to contract
If SA fails, heart still beats but slower
(Sinoatrial)
AV NODE
Located base of right artria near septum
Neuromuscular tissue
Signals ventricles to contract
Sends impulses to bundle of His
Then throughout ventricular walls
Wave of excitation conducted along purkinje fibres
(Atrioventricular)
ECG
Measures electrical activity
Consists of waves
P
Movement from SA to AV node
QRS
Movement down centre across ventricle
T
ventricle repolarisation
Detects abnormal heartbeats
Arrhythmia = abnormal heart rhythm
Fibrillation = Heart beating rapidly & contractions uncoordinated
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