Skeletal and Muscular system

Main roles of the Skeletal System
1. Protection to internal organs
2. Framework for the body
  1. Ligament
    1. Tough band of slightly elastic connective tissues-Connects bone to bone and stablises joints during movement
    2. Synovial Fluid
      1. Lubricating liquid in joint cavities-Reduces friction
      2. Articular Cartilage
        Smooth tissue which covers articulating bones-absorbs shock
        Joint Capsule
        Joint sac in inner synovial membrane it encloses and strengthens the joint
        Bursa
        Closed fluid-filled sac found where tendons rub bones-Reduces friction between tendon and bone
3. Crucial for movement
Joint size and shape of articulating bones will allow a specific range of movement at a joint
1. Large range-Ball and Socket joint
  1. Smaller range-Hinge joint
Planes of movement
1. Sagittal plane lies vertically-Divides the body Left to Right
  1. Frontal plane lies vertically-Divides front and back
    1. Transeverse planelies horizontally-Divides upper and lower
      1. Horizontal extension
      2. Horizontal flexion
      3. Rotation
    2. Abduction-away from midline
    3. Adduction-closer to midline
  2. Flexion-Decreases joint angle
  3. Extension-Increases joint angle
  4. Dorsi Flexion-toes up
  5. Plantar Flexion-toes down
Types of joints
1. Hinge Joint-Elbow
2. Pivot Joint-Radio-Ulnar
3. Condyloid Joint-Wrist
4. Gliding Joint-Spin
5. Ball and Socket-Shoulder
Origin-the point the muscle attaches to a stationary bone
1. Insertion-the point muscle attaches to a moveable bone which gets closer to origin as the muscle contracts
Muscles never work alone they always work in pairs-Antagonistic Pairs
1. Agonist-creates movement at a joint-Prime mover
  1. Antagonist-opposes the agonist providing a resistance
    1. Fixator-a muscle that stabilises one part of the body while another part moves
Example of a antagonistic pairs
1. Flexion at the wrist
  1. Agonist-Wrist flexors
  2. Antagonist-Wrist extensors
Isotonic contractions-when a muscle changes length
1. Concentric-muscle shortens producing tension.This creates a force to pull two bones closer together causing movement
2. Eccentric-when muscle lengthens producing tension.This resists force
3. Isometric contraction-when a muscle contracts without changing shape
Movement Analysis-assesing the movement of a athlete in a sport.What to consider in a exam question
1. Joint type
2. Articulating bones
3. Movement pattern
4. Agonist muscle
5. Antagonistic muscle
6. Contraction type

Nächster

Skeletal and Muscular system

Beschreibung

Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Medienanhänge

ähnlicher Inhalt

	Erstellt von Abby Dance vor mehr als 5 Jahre