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Module 1 Cognitive Psychology

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AS Psychology unit 1 cognitive psychology memory. not finished yet but I hope it helps
Gurdev Manchanda
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Gurdev Manchanda
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Module 1 Cognitive Psychology
  1. Models of Memory
    1. Multi store memory model
      1. Atkinson and Shiffrin 1971
        1. memory consists of three memory stores
          1. Sensory store
            1. duration: few seconds
              1. don't pay attenion to the new info, will decay
                1. first store- info from sensory input
                2. Short term memory
                  1. duration: max 30 secs average 18 secs
                    1. PETERSON AND PETERSON 1959
                      1. presented trigrams through headphones
                        1. distraction task- avoid rehearsal- ensure testing STM
                          1. count backwards from 100 in threes
                        2. findings
                          1. retention interval increased= percentage correct decreased
                            1. at 0 secs, correct was 90%
                              1. at 18 secs, correct was 5%
                          2. capacity: 7+-2 items
                            1. JACOBS 1890
                              1. investigated serial digit span
                                1. precisely presented an item every half second
                                2. used letters and digits
                                  1. findings
                                    1. average digit span : just over 9
                                      1. average span for letters: just over 7
                                  2. attention moves info to LTM
                                    1. stm is full, old info is displaced or decay info
                                      1. encoding: info is stored acoustically, works better with sound
                                        1. BADDELEY 1966
                                          1. 2 lists: acoustically similar and dissimilar
                                      2. Long term memory
                                        1. duration: unlimited at least 48 years
                                          1. BAHRICK ET AL
                                            1. recall of yearbook photos
                                              1. criticism: naturalistic test of memory
                                                1. criticism: lack of controls
                                              2. capacity: unlimited
                                                1. retrieval failure
                                                  1. encoding: LTM predominantly semantic encoding
                                                    1. BADDELEY 1966
                                                      1. 2 lists of words - semantically similar and dissimilar
                                                2. stimulus impinges on senses- info passes from stores
                                                3. criticisms
                                                  1. Coding in STM is not always phonetic
                                                4. Working Memory Model
                                                5. Memory in everyday life
                                                  1. Eye witness testimony
                                                    1. Memory improvement

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