influences on prejudice and discrimination

Social Inequalities -> just-world phenomenon = the tendency for people to believe that the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get
1. "the good is rewarded and the evil is punished"
  1. short leap to assume that those who succeed must be good and those who do not must be bad
us and them: ingroup and outgroup
1. dividing the world into "us and them" entails prejudice and war, but it also provides the benefits of communal solidarity
  1. through our social identities we associate ourselves with certain groups and contrast ourselves with others
emotional roots
1. to boost our own status when we're down, it helps to have others to denigrate
2. by contrast, those made to feel loved and supported have become more open to and accepting of others who differ
3. negative emotions nourish prejudice
4. the few individuals that lack fear and its associated activity in the brain's emotion-processing amygdala also display a notable lack of racial stereotypes and prejudice
cognitive roots - stereotyped beliefs are a by-product of how we cognitively simplify the world
1. in categorizing people into groups, we often stereotype them
  1. we recognize how greatly we differ from others in our OWN groups, but we overestimate the homogeneity of other groups
    1. our greater recognition for individual own-face-races-- called the other-race effect-- emerges during infancy, between 3 to 9 months of age
      1. with effort and experience, people get better at recognizing individual faces from another group
  2. to those in one ethnic group, members of another often seem more alike than they really are in attitudes, personality, and appearence
2. we often judge the frequency of events by instances that readily come to mind
  1. vivid (violent) cases are more readily available to our memory and feed our stereotypes
3. believing the world is just
  1. "they should have known better" (blaming the victim also serves to reassure people that it couldn't happen to them)
    1. Hindsight Bias
4. people have the tendency to justify their culture's social systems
  1. we are inclined to see the way things are as they way they ought to be
    1. this natural conservatism makes it difficult to legislate major social changes, such as health care or climate-change policies. Once such policies are in place, our "system justification" tends to preserve them

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influences on prejudice and discrimination

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	Erstellt von Raquel Balistreri vor fast 10 Jahre