Memory

Memory

Multi-Store Model of Memory (Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968))
1. Features of Memory:
  1. Short-Term Memory
    1. Capacity: 7(+/-)2 Items
      1. Miller's Magic Number 7
    2. Duration: 18-30 seconds
      1. Peterson and Peterson
    3. Encoding: Auditory
      1. Baddeley
  2. Long-Term Memory
    1. Capacity: Unlimited
    2. Duration: lifetime
      1. Barick et al.
    3. Encoding: Somantic
      1. Baddeley
3. CASE STUDY: CLIVE WEARING
4. Evaluation
  1. Very Simplistic
  2. Supported by Plenty of Research
  3. Does not explain the processing of non-auditory information.
Working Memory Model (Baddeley and Hitch (1974))
2. MAIN RESEARCH
  1. Shallice and Warrington (1974)
  2. Robbins et al.
3. Evaluation
  1. No explanation of Central Executive
  2. Working Progress, developed from previous ideas
  3. Clearly manages to explain the greater complexity of memory.
    1. Explains the processing of different types of information
Memory Improvement Strategies
1. Story Method
2. Method of Loci
Eye-Witness Testimonies
1. Age
  1. Young People Seem to Remember Less
    1. However, due to the style of questions asked
    2. Solved by Cognitive Interview
  2. MAIN RESEARCH
    1. Ceci & Bruck (1993)
    2. Holliday
  3. Main Effects
    1. Interviewer Bias
    2. Repeated Questions
    3. Stereotype Induction
    4. Encouragement to Imagine and Visualise
    5. Peer Pressure
    6. Authority Figures
2. Anxiety
  1. MAIN RESEARCH
    1. Yuille and Cutshaw (1986)
    2. Loftus (1979)
  2. Weapon Focus Phenomenon
    1. More anxiety = Less Remembered
    2. Mundane Realism
      1. Opposite Findings in Real Life Situations
3. Cognitive Interview
  1. Recall Context
  2. Report All Details
  3. Report from Different Perspective
  4. Repeat in a Different Order
  5. MAIN RESEARCH
    1. Geiselman
4. Misleading Questions
  1. MAIN RESEARCH
    1. Loftus & Palmer (1974)

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