GIT Neoplasms

GIT Neoplasms

Squamous cell carcinoma: raised edge with central ulceration or white plaque
1. Oesophagus
  1. Alcohol, smoking, hot beverages, nutritional deficiency, HPV
  2. Middle 1/3 of oesophagus, grey white plaque in masses or diffuse thicknening
  3. Insidious onset, 5yr survival 9%
  4. Dysphagia, odynophagia, obstruction, +/- ulceration
2. Oropharynx
3. Anus: HP infection, precursor = condyloma accuminatum
Adenoma
1. Pleomorphic adenoma of salivary gland
2. Oesophagus
3. Colon
  1. Dysplasia: nuclear hyperchromasia, FAP
4. Appendix
Adenocarcinoma
1. Stomach
  1. Clinical: dyspepsia, dysphagia, altered bowel habits, nausea, anaemia
  2. Intestinal type: bulky & glandular, Signet ring cell type: diffuse
  3. Antrum & lesser curvature
2. Duodenum
3. Colon
  1. Tall columnar cells, variable differentiation & gland formation
  2. Insidious development, IDA, occult bleeding, ab cramps, BM change
4. Appendix
  1. Mucocele: benign cyst
  2. Pseudomyoma peritoneii: slow tumour, mucus production> ascites
  3. Obstruction + enlargement mimics acute appendicitis
Lymphoma
1. Stomach: lymphocytic infiltrate in lamina propria
  1. Cause chronic inflammation: EBV & H.pylori infection
  2. Dyspepsia, epigastric pain, spreads to lymph nodes
2. Small intestine: Coeliac disease
Gastrointestinal stromal tumour
1. Stomach
  1. Well-circumscribed mass under mucosa +/- ulceration
  2. Epitheloid or spindle cell
  3. Asymptomatic, bleeding, mass effect
Carcinoid tumour
1. Small intestine
  1. From endocrine cells, tan polypoid lesions, intramural or submucosal +/- ulceration, island & trabeculae cell structure
  2. More common in ileum & jejunum
  3. Asym, ab pain, metastatic disease, obstruction
  4. Carcinoid syndrome: ileal tumours release vasoactive substances > flushing, sweating, bronchospasm, colicky ab pain, diarrhoea
2. Appendix
Non-neoplastic
1. Colon
  1. Inflammatory polyp: injury + regeneration cycles
  2. Hamartoma: growth of mature tissues at site where they normally develop, FAP
  3. Hyperplastic polyps: decreased epith turnover in >70yo

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	Erstellt von Emma Jones vor etwa 11 Jahre