Passive Voice Grammar

Focus on the action
1. "The bike was stolen"
Diference between Active Voice
1. Can be more polite
  1. "A mistake was made"
Structure
1. Subject + Finite form of to be + Past participle
  1. A letter + was + written
Main Idea
1. Don't need/have/necessary to know
  1. Where
  2. When
  3. Who
Rewriting active sentences
1. Object = Subject
2. Finite form of verb = to be + past participle
3. Subject = Object/ Can be dropped
Examples
1. Simple present
  1. Passive: "A letter is written by Rita"
  2. Active: "Rite writes a letter"
2. Simple past
  1. Active: "Rita wrote a letter"
  2. Passive: "A letter was written by Rita"
3. Present Perfect
  1. Active: "Rita has written a letter"
  2. Passive: "A letter has been written by Rita"
4. Future 1
  1. Active: "Rita will write a letter"
  2. Passive: "A letter will be written by Rita"
5. Present Progressive
  1. Active: "Rita is writing a letter"
  2. Passive: "A letter is being written by Rita"
6. Past Progressive
  1. Active: "Rita was writing a letter"
  2. Passive: "A letter was being writen by Rita"
7. Past Perect
  1. Active: "Rita had written a letter"
  2. Passive: "A letter had being written by Rita"
8. Future 2
  1. Active: "Rita will have written a letter"
  2. Passive: "A letter will have being written by Rita"
9. Conditional 1
  1. Active: "Rita would write a letter"
  2. Passive: "A letter would being written by Rita"
10. Conditional 2
  1. Active: "Rita would have written a letter"
  2. Passive: "A letter would have being written by Rita"
Sentences with two objects
1. One of the two object becomes the subject
  1. The change depends on which action do you want to focus on
    1. Active: "Rita wrote (1) a letter (2) to me"
    2. Passive: "A letter was written (1) to me (2) by Rita"
    3. Passive: "I was written (1) a letter (2) by Rita"
Personal and Impersonal
1. The object of the active becomes the subject of the passive
  1. Every verb that needs an object can form a personal passive
    1. They build houses. - Houses are built.
  2. The verbs without an object are called intransitive, and only can form impersonal passive
    1. He says. - It is said.
    2. Only possible with verbs of perception
      1. Say
      2. Think
      3. Know

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Passive Voice Grammar

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