GCSE AQA Biology 1 Energy Transfer, Decay and The Carbon Cycle

Pyramids of Biomass
1. Biomass: Mass of living material
2. Less energy/biomass as you go up trophic levels
3. Mostly pyramid-shaped
  1. Producer at the bottom
Energy Transfer
1. Energy from Sun - source of energy for life
  Anmerkungen:
  - Light energy converted to chemical energy
2. Green plants use small % of light in photosynthesis
  1. Energy stored in cells - animals eat them
3. Respiration supplies energy for movement
  1. Energy lost to surroundings as heat
    Anmerkungen:
    - Especially in mammals and birds - have to keep body at constant temp.
4. Some material is inedible and some is lost as waste
5. Hardly any food chains more than 5 levels
  Anmerkungen:
  - Because so much energy is lost. Therefore, there is not enough left to support more organisms
Decay
1. Plants take in elements and pass through food chain
  Anmerkungen:
  - Like carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen
  1. Elements returned in waste products or when they die
    1. Materials decay - broken down by microorganisms
      Anmerkungen:
      - Elements return to soil
2. Microorganisms work best in warm & moist conditions with oxygen
  1. Composting
    1. Benefits
      1. Recycles minerals & nutrients
      2. Reduces landfill
      3. Reduces production of methane
The Carbon Cycle
1. Only 1 arrow coming down - photosynthesis
  Anmerkungen:
  - Carbon dioxide is removed from atmosphere by green plants, some of the carbon is used to make carbohydrates, fats and proteins in the plants
2. Some carbon returned as carbon dioxide - respiration
  Anmerkungen:
  - Some carbon moves through food chain to animals
3. When plants/animals die, detritus feeders and microorganisms feed on remains
  1. These organisms respire
4. Animals produce waste
  Anmerkungen:
  - Broken down by detritus feeders and microorganisms
5. Useful plant/animal products are burnt (combustion) - releasing carbon dioxide

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GCSE AQA Biology 1 Energy Transfer, Decay and The Carbon Cycle

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