Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Topic 1 - Couples
- Division of labour.
- Parsons (1955)
Instrumental and
expressive roles.
- Young and Willmott (1962):
Men are now doing more
domestic tasks and women are
now becoming wage earners.
- The roles of men and women are 'natural'.
- Feminists believe roles are not
natural. They argue that it only
benefits men.
- Elizabeth Bott (1957)
Joint and segregated
conjugal roles.
- Young and Wilmott (1950s):
Found that WC families in
Bethnal Green had
segregated conjugal roles.
- Males not involved with house roles.
They spend time with other male
friends. Females would do house
work and help other female relatives.
- Young and Wilmott (1973)
The symmetrical family.
- 'March of progress'
view on the history of
the family. Roles are
more similar.
- -Women now go out to work.
-Men now help with
housework and childcare.
-Couples now spend more
time together than
separately.
- Feminists reject this view.
Argue that men an women
remain unequal.
- Oakley (1974):
Argues that their
claims are
exaggurated.
- Men's 'help' could be simply
taking the children for a walk.
- She found that men would
participate more in childcare
as it's more fun.
- Boulton (1983):
Fewer than 20% of
husbands had
major roles in
childcare.
- Ward and Hetherington (1993):
Men only do 'female' tasks when
their partner were not around to
do them.
- Reasons for rise
of symmetrical families
Anmerkungen:
- 1) Changes in women's position.
2)Geographical mobility.
3)New technology
4)Higher standards of living.
- Oakley (19th century)
the rise of the
housewife role
- Rise of factory production led
to the separation of paid work.
- Housewife role was socially constructed.
- The impact of paid work.
- Gershuny (1994)
the trends towards
equality.
- Women working full-time is
leading to a more equal division.
- Sullivan (2000):
Studies found that
men did more
domestic labour than before.
- Crompton (1997):
Earnings remain unequal.
- Silver (1987) and Schor (1993)
The commercialisation of
housework.
- Housework has become 'commericialised'.
- Goods that housewives previously
had to produce themselves are
now mass-produced.
- Women working means they can afford the goods.
- Poorer women cannot afford goods.
- The dual burden.
- Ferri and Smith (1996)
Found that increased
employment of women
had little impact on the
domestic division of labour.
- Lydia Morris (1990)
Found that unemployed
men saw domestic work
as feminine so it was
avoided.
- Recources and decision-making in household.
- Domestic violence.