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Beschreibung
Mindmap von 06watkinse, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von 06watkinse
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Martini
Chapter 1
- Anatomy
- Gross Anatomy
- Surface - general
form and superficial
markings
- Regional -
anatomical
organisation
of specific
areas of the
body
- Systemic -
structure of organ
systems. e.g.
skeletal system
- Developmental - the
changes in form between
conception and full maturity
- Embryology - the study of
the first 2 months of
development.
- Embryology - the study of
the first 2 months of
development.
- Clinical -
subspecialities
important in
clinical practice
- Surface - general
form and superficial
markings
- Microscopic
Anatomy - anatomy
of structures that
can't be seen without
magnification.
- Cytology - the study of
the internal structure of
individual cells
- Histology - the
examination of
tissues
- Cytology - the study of
the internal structure of
individual cells
- Gross Anatomy
- Physiology
- Cell - the
study of the
functions of
cells
- Organ - the study of
the function of organs
- Systemic - the study
of the organ system
functions
- Pathological - the study of
the effects of disease on
organ and organ system
functions
- Cell - the
study of the
functions of
cells
- Levels of Organisation
- Chemical/Molecular
- atoms
- Cellular - cells
and their
organelles
- Tissue - tissues, cells
that work together to
perform specific
functions
- Organ - groups of tissues that work
together to perform several functions
- Organ System - groups of
organs that work together
- Organism - all organ systems
working together to form a
fully functioning organism
- Chemical/Molecular
- atoms
- Organ Systems
- Integumentary - protects
against the environment,
regulates body temp and
provides sensory information
- Skeletal
- Muscular
- Nervous
- Endocrine - directs long term changes
in organ systems, adjusts metabolic
activity, controls structural and
functional changes in development
- Cardiovascular
- Lymphatic
- Respiratory
- Digestive
- Urinary
- Reproductive
- Integumentary - protects
against the environment,
regulates body temp and
provides sensory information
- Homeostasis
- Autoregulation - the organ
system automatically alters its
activites in response to an
environmental change
- Extrinsic regulation -
a result of the nervous
or endocrine system,
the 2 systems that
control or adjust the
activity of other organ
systems
- The mechanism
- Receptors - sensitive to stimuli
- Control centre - receives
processes and then
sends commands out
- Effectors - cells or
organs that respond
to the commands of
the control centre
- Receptors - sensitive to stimuli
- Negative Feedback
- counteracting a
change in the
environment
- control centre -
hypothalamus
- normally maintains
a narrow range
rather than a single
value
- counteracting a
change in the
environment
- Positive Feedback
- exaggerating a
change in the
environment
- exaggerating a
change in the
environment
- it rests at a
state of dynamic
equilibrium
- Autoregulation - the organ
system automatically alters its
activites in response to an
environmental change
- Anatomical Terms
- Superficial Anatomy
- locating structures
on or near the
body surface
- the normal position for
anatomical position is
palms facing forward and
feet together
- Supine - when in
anatomical position
lying down face UP
- Prone - when in
anatomical position
lying down face DOWN
- Anatomical Landmarks
- Anatomical Regions
- Anatomical Directions
- locating structures
on or near the
body surface
- Sectional Anatomy
- Planes and Sections
- Planes and Sections
- Superficial Anatomy
- Body Cavities
- they protect
against shocks
and impacts
- the allow for significant
changes in size and
shape of organs
- Thoracic cavity
- contains the
lungs and heart
- also contains associated
organs of the respiratory,
cardiovascular and
lymphatic systems, the
inferior portions of the
esophagus and the thymus
- it is divided into the
left and right plural
cavity seperated by
the mediastinum
- the mediastinum contains the
pericardial cavity and connective
tissue that supports the esophagus,
trachae, thymus and the major blood
vessels that start or end at the heart.
- contains the
lungs and heart
- Abdominopelvic Cavity
- contains the
superior
abdominal cavity
and the inferior
pelvic cavity
- the abdominal cavity contains
the peritoneal cavity which is
the lining around the organs in
the abdomen: liver, stomach,
spleen, small intestine and
most of the large intestine.
- the pelvic cavity
- the bones of the pelvis
form the wall of the cavity
- it contains the
reproductive
organs, bladder and
the distal portion of
the large intestine
- the bones of the pelvis
form the wall of the cavity
- the kidneys and pancreas lie
between the peritoneal lining
and the muscular wall of the
abdominal cavity - they are
retroperitoneal
- contains the
superior
abdominal cavity
and the inferior
pelvic cavity
- they protect
against shocks
and impacts
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