Endocrine Drugs

Diabetes
1. Type 1: Absence of insulin in the pancreas. Treatment is insulin replacement therapy
2. Type 2: Insensitivity of cells to insulin signaling. Treatment-exercise and diet to promote weight loss, insulin therapy and medications
3. Gestational: insensitivity of cells to insulin signaling during pregnancy. Treatment- blood glucose monitoring, diet, exercise, weight gain limitations and sometimes certain delivery requirements
4. Insulin
  1. Rapid acting: onset 30 minutes, peaks in 30 minutes - 3 hours, works for 3-5 hours
  2. Short acting: onset 30-60 minutes, peaks in 2-4 hours, works for up to 12 hours
  3. Intermediate acting: onset 1 1/2-4 hours, peaks in 4-12 hours, work up to 24 hours
  4. Long acting: onset .8 to 4 hours, does not have a peak, works up to 24 hours
  5. Injection types: insulin pump or syringe
  6. Treatment of hypoglycemia: giving carbohydrates or drinks with glucose (grape juice, soda)
5. Oral hypoglycemic medications: used in type 2, action-stimulate the beta cells in the pancreas to produce more insulin, types-secretagogues, sensitizers, mimetics, adverse effects-liver disease, severe infection, excessive alcohol intake, shock and hypoxemia
Thyroid Disorders
1. Hypothyroidism-inadequate production of thyroid hormones
2. Hyperthyroidism-excessive production of the thyroid hormone
3. Treatments: thyroid hormone replacement, thyroid hormone suppression
Adrenal disorders
1. Adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease): when the cortex does not produce enough adrenocortical hormones
2. Hypercortisolism (Cushing's Disease): presence of cortisol adenoma
3. Hyperaldosternism (Conn's Disease): adrenal glands produce excess aldosterone

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Endocrine Drugs

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