In trouble with the law

criminal acts
1. changing over time or across cultural or societal spaces.
  1. socially constructed
    1. sexuality
    2. alchohol
    3. drugs
    4. view of children in need of protecting changed to that of young people being a threat
2. perception
  1. young people:perpetrator not victim
3. elements of risk
  1. can be viewed in relation to the social ecological model
  2. individual factors, e.g. hyperactivity and impulsiveness, substance misuse
  3. family factors, e.g. a history of criminal behaviour, conflict within the family
  4. school factors, e.g. low attainment, aggressive behaviour, particularly bullying
  5. community factors, e.g. disadvantaged area, high turnover of local population.
4. socially constructed
Youth crime
1. perceived and portrayed as a growing epidemic
2. dominant construction of young people being ‘out of control'
  1. influence law and policy
  2. stereotyped as criminals because of their dresscode
  3. Hanging around on street corner
    1. the use of space has become an intergenerational issue
    2. specific spaces and areas are often viewed territorially by young people themselves
    3. strategies to prevent groups of young people from congregating in places deemed unsuitable
      1. mosquitos
      2. surveillance of public space via CCTV
      3. Dispersal and antisocial behaviour orders
        child curfew orders (
        dispersal zones
    4. a young person’s identity has a very strong association with his or her neighbourhood.
3. is a politicised concept
4. Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003
  1. ASBO
    1. are greater in more disadvantaged areas,
  2. civil order imposed for behaviour that is not criminal
    1. their breach (which became very common) is a criminal offence
  3. behaviour of some young people can be intimidating,
    1. can be responsible for damage and disturbance
5. the ‘web of relationships’ can be in influencing the development and direction of children’s lives.
Responding to youth crime
1. Attitudes towards, and responses to, childhood and crime are constructed in different ways and can change over time.
2. Preventing offending or promoting welfare?
3. the age of criminal responsibility
4. Children’s Hearings
  1. designed to be very child-focused
  2. concerned with the wider picture and the long term well-being of the child
Risk factors and early intervention
1. Preventing young people from entering the criminal justice system
2. identifying elements of risk
3. labelling as potential criminals
Youth justice and inequalities
1. over-representation of young black
Restorative justice
1. a chance for the young person to make amends and for victims to have their say
  1. meet the needs of the victim and stop the young person re-offending
Reintegration
1. support young people without being judgemental
2. wide range of support

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In trouble with the law

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