Haemorrhagic Diseases

Increased Vascular Fragility
1. Non- Thrombocytopenic purpura
2. 1) Capillary Damage
  1. Bacterial Toxins
    1. Ex. Septicemia
3. 2) Chemical or Drug - Induced
  1. Heavy metals, Pesticides, Salicylate (Aspirin)
4. 3) Anaphylaxis or Allergy
5. 4) Connective Tissue Disease
  1. Ehlers - Danlos syndrome
  2. Effects connective tissue of Endothelial walls
Inadequate Haemostatic response
1. Thrombocyte Deficiency or Dysfunction
  1. Primary Thrombocytopenia Purpura
    1. Secondary Thrombocytopenia Purpura
  2. Thrombocytopenia
    1. A) Decreased platelet production
      1. Ex. Bone marrow disease
        Bone marrow depleted of Megakaryocytes results in reduced platelets in blood
        May be Pancytopenia if all cell lines affected
        Diseases that depress bone marrow functions:
        Severe viral/bacteria/protozoal infections
        Plant toxicity
        Neoplasia
    2. B) Increased platelet destruction/utilization
      1. Usually idiopathic
      2. May be immune mediated
        Primary Immune mediated thrombocytopenia
        Ab directed at Megakaryocytes
        Secondary Immune mediated thrombocytopenia
        FIV, FeLV
      3. Non-Immune mediated
        DIC, Vasculitis
      4. Bone marrow may show Megakaryocyte hyperplasia
        Regeneration
    3. C) Platelet sequestration
      1. Usually only causes mild thrombocytopenia
  3. Thrombopathias
2. Clotting Factor Deficiency or Derangement
  1. Usually Familial & Congenital
    1. Haemophilia A - Factor VIII deficiency
    2. Von Willebrand's Disease (Factor VIII related protein)
      1. 3 types (Dogs)
      2. Results in poor platelet Rxn with Endothelial cells
  2. Most commonly identified in dogs and cats
  3. Aquired Coagulopathies
    1. Vitamin K antagonism (Co-factor for some enzymes involved in coagulation)
      1. Coumarin rodenticides
      2. Some plants
        Mouldy Melilotus
    2. Vitamin K Deficiency
      1. Secondary to maldigestion or malabsorption
    3. Liver failure
      1. Lack of production of coagulation factors

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Haemorrhagic Diseases

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