Goal setting and Decision making.

Decision: Choice made from available alternative.
1. Decision making: Identifying problem/ opportunities and resolving. Analysis, Choice, Commitment, Monitoring.
  1. Programmed decision: Reoccurring/ Decision rules.
  2. Non-Programmed decision: Response to a unique situation. Important consequences for organisation.
  3. Decision making process: Recognition, Analysis, Alternatives, Selection, Implementation, Evaluation.
  4. Decision making context: Clear goal, Full information, Future known,
  5. Models.
    1. Classical: Rational/ Scientific. Realise potential. Productivity leads to profit/ benefit.
    2. Administrative: Usual way of making decisions. Descriptive. Based on experience.
    3. Political: Sometimes made. Conflicting goals. Coalition needed.
  6. Rational decision making: Emphasising Ends and Means is vital.
Goal: Desired future state/ The ends.
1. Goals:
  1. Mission/ Strategic: Top manament/ Long term goals of organisations future.
  2. Tactical: Middle Management/ Division level. Plans/Goals at sub-unit level. Process towards strategic goals.
  3. Operational: Specific/ Measurable. Support tactical plans/ goals which leads to strategic plans/ goals. Short term.
Plan: A blue print. A resource allocation, Schedules etc. The Means.
1. Planning: Defining goals for future performance. Deciding on tasks and resources.
2. Plans:
  1. Contingency: Situational responses/ identify uncontrollable factors.
  2. Scenario: Visualising future possibilities. Mentally rehearsing.
3. Mangement involves constant decision making/ planning.

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Goal setting and Decision making.

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