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Mindmap von Meghna Ranjit Nair, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Geography- Urbanisation in Contrasting Global Cities
- Key Definitions
- Urbanisation- The proces of urban grwoth due to
an increase of built-up urban areas
- Re-urbanisation- The government's inittiavtive to to
counter to problem of urban inner city decline
- Urban sprawl- The outward growth of urban areas
- Megacity- A city with a population of 10 million people or more
- Rural- An area, normally in the countryside with a population of less than 10,000
- Rural- An area, normally in the countryside with a population of less than 10,000
- Megacity- A city with a population of 10 million people or more
- Urban sprawl- The outward growth of urban areas
- Re-urbanisation- The government's inittiavtive to to
counter to problem of urban inner city decline
- Global city vs Megacities
- A global city is a city that is well connected to other parts of
the world whereas a megacity is a city with a population with
more than 10 million. A city does not have to have a large
population to be global (Eg London) as the links bwteen a city
and the globe is not dependent on the population.
- A global city is a city that is well connected to other parts of
the world whereas a megacity is a city with a population with
more than 10 million. A city does not have to have a large
population to be global (Eg London) as the links bwteen a city
and the globe is not dependent on the population.
- Urbanisation- The proces of urban grwoth due to
an increase of built-up urban areas
- Globalsiation and Urbanisation
- Urbanisation
- Pros
- A stronger workforce in cities
- Economic boost for govt
- Better job opportunities
- More tax=more money for govt to
invest in services and infrastrcuture
- More tax=more money for govt to
invest in services and infrastrcuture
- Better job opportunities
- Economic boost for govt
- A stronger workforce in cities
- Cons
- Can cause overpopulation due to high
population density
- Lots of competition for jobs, which can become unavailable
- Less housing avaliable so illelegal or informal setlements such as slums may have to be set up
- More pollution due to more transport usage
- More pollution due to more transport usage
- Less housing avaliable so illelegal or informal setlements such as slums may have to be set up
- Lots of competition for jobs, which can become unavailable
- Can cause overpopulation due to high
population density
- Pros
- What makes a city global?
- Finance and Trade- Global citiea are financial centres where HQs of banks are set up
- Transport Hubs- Airports or ports
ensure that cities stay well-connected
with the rest of the world+ it allws for
tourists and migrants to access global
cities
- Ideas and Information- Major media
corporation are in global cities. Eg the BBC
is located in London and gives services to
300 milion worldwide households 24/7
- Migration and Culture- Migrants are attracted to global cities, leading to cultural
diversity. 1.7 million of London's residents do not speak English as their main language
- Migration and Culture- Migrants are attracted to global cities, leading to cultural
diversity. 1.7 million of London's residents do not speak English as their main language
- Ideas and Information- Major media
corporation are in global cities. Eg the BBC
is located in London and gives services to
300 milion worldwide households 24/7
- Transport Hubs- Airports or ports
ensure that cities stay well-connected
with the rest of the world+ it allws for
tourists and migrants to access global
cities
- Finance and Trade- Global citiea are financial centres where HQs of banks are set up
- Urbanisation
- Case Study- London
- Push and Pull Factors
- Pull
- Better jobs avaliable with higher pay
- Thriving nightlife
- Services such as education are accessible
- Services such as education are accessible
- Thriving nightlife
- Better jobs avaliable with higher pay
- Push
- Lack of services available
- Lack of good quality, well-paid jobs
- Poor infrastructure and housing
- Poor infrastructure and housing
- Lack of good quality, well-paid jobs
- Lack of services available
- Pull
- Background
- Loacted in the south-east of England, in the continent
of Europe in the northern hemisphere to the east of
the Atlanstic Ocean. It has a population of 8.7 million
- The popuation has been gorwing for the
past 200 years since to industrail
revolution and has attarcted migarnts in
the UK and internationally, espcieally the
youth
- London has been grwoing due to: popistive international net
migartion, natural change, push factors and pull factors
- The most deprived areas are towrds the north and
north-east of London, such as Barking. Howveer, deprived
areas rae distributed unevenly and can be right next to
wealthy areas. The wealthiest areas are towrads the
south-west of London, such as KIngston-upon-Thames
- Ethinic groups live in clusters around London. Eg Turkish migrants
mainly live in the north, in the most deprived areas
- London generates 25% of the UK's GDP but minimum wage workers are amongst the poorest 10% in the UK
- London generates 25% of the UK's GDP but minimum wage workers are amongst the poorest 10% in the UK
- Ethinic groups live in clusters around London. Eg Turkish migrants
mainly live in the north, in the most deprived areas
- The most deprived areas are towrds the north and
north-east of London, such as Barking. Howveer, deprived
areas rae distributed unevenly and can be right next to
wealthy areas. The wealthiest areas are towrads the
south-west of London, such as KIngston-upon-Thames
- London has been grwoing due to: popistive international net
migartion, natural change, push factors and pull factors
- The popuation has been gorwing for the
past 200 years since to industrail
revolution and has attarcted migarnts in
the UK and internationally, espcieally the
youth
- Loacted in the south-east of England, in the continent
of Europe in the northern hemisphere to the east of
the Atlanstic Ocean. It has a population of 8.7 million
- Poverty issues and solutions
- The London Docklands Development Corporation (LDDC) tackled deprivation
- Social improvements: 22,000 new homes were created+ a post
16 college and a university campus was set up
- Economic improvements: 90,000 new jobs were created +
new companes were set up around Canary Wharf
- Environmental improvements: 200,000 new trees were
planted+ 130 hectares of open space created
- Environmental improvements: 200,000 new trees were
planted+ 130 hectares of open space created
- Economic improvements: 90,000 new jobs were created +
new companes were set up around Canary Wharf
- Social improvements: 22,000 new homes were created+ a post
16 college and a university campus was set up
- The London Docklands Development Corporation (LDDC) tackled deprivation
- Housing issues and solutions
- Issues: House and rent prices are
much higher in London than other
parts of the UK and mnay people
cannot afford it so they liv ein
cramped consitions. Also, there is an
icreased demand for housing
- Solution: LDDC has built 25,000 new homes over 15 years but the prices are still high.
- Solution: LDDC has built 25,000 new homes over 15 years but the prices are still high.
- Issues: House and rent prices are
much higher in London than other
parts of the UK and mnay people
cannot afford it so they liv ein
cramped consitions. Also, there is an
icreased demand for housing
- Transport Issues and Solutions
- Issue: Several vehicles travle through Lodon, causing congestion and
pollution. Also, there are engineering issues such as old rails in London
Underground. Transport causes 17% of London's carbon footprint
- Solution: The congestion charge
charges £10 for every car entering the
centre of London, which deters people
from taking their cars to London.
Diesel-electric buses have also been
introduced to reduce emissions by 30%
- Solution: The congestion charge
charges £10 for every car entering the
centre of London, which deters people
from taking their cars to London.
Diesel-electric buses have also been
introduced to reduce emissions by 30%
- Issue: Several vehicles travle through Lodon, causing congestion and
pollution. Also, there are engineering issues such as old rails in London
Underground. Transport causes 17% of London's carbon footprint
- Waste issues and solutions
- Issues: London produces large amounts of waste and a lot of this is dumped in landfills or incinerated.
- Solution: London aims to not have any
waste in landfills by 2025. It also wanst to
genrate energy from its waste to cause
less pollution comapred to fossil fuels
- Solution: London aims to not have any
waste in landfills by 2025. It also wanst to
genrate energy from its waste to cause
less pollution comapred to fossil fuels
- Issues: London produces large amounts of waste and a lot of this is dumped in landfills or incinerated.
- Push and Pull Factors
- Case Study-Mumbai
- Mumbai is located on the
continent of Asia in the
country of India. It is in
the southern hemisphere
and is on the west coast
of India, bordering the
Arabian Sea
- Dharavi is Asia's biggest slum and is the
south-east of Mumbai, north of the Dadar
Area. It is on the banks of the Mithi River
- Mumbai has grown due to rural-urban
migration, natural increase and more
educational opportunities
- It is the 4th most populated city in the world and is India's financial capital
- It is the 4th most populated city in the world and is India's financial capital
- Mumbai has grown due to rural-urban
migration, natural increase and more
educational opportunities
- Dharavi is Asia's biggest slum and is the
south-east of Mumbai, north of the Dadar
Area. It is on the banks of the Mithi River
- Push and Pull Factors
- Push
- Conditions in rural India, which are poor
- Many agricultural jobs in
rural India have been taken
by machinery, causing
many to seek alternatives
for employment
- Poor access to healthcare in rural areas
- Poor access to healthcare in rural areas
- Many agricultural jobs in
rural India have been taken
by machinery, causing
many to seek alternatives
for employment
- Conditions in rural India, which are poor
- Pull
- Better employment opportunities in
Mumbai so people make more money
and set up businesses
- Better education
facilities in Mumbai,
such as a renowned
university
- Better healthcare services in Mumbia
- Better healthcare services in Mumbia
- Better education
facilities in Mumbai,
such as a renowned
university
- Better employment opportunities in
Mumbai so people make more money
and set up businesses
- Push
- Transport Issues
- Many people travel daily on
trains, whcih get overcrowded
and an average of 8 people
get killed every day on the
tracks. There are high levels
of aqir pollution and traffic
jams on poor roads so driving
is not safe
- Many people travel daily on
trains, whcih get overcrowded
and an average of 8 people
get killed every day on the
tracks. There are high levels
of aqir pollution and traffic
jams on poor roads so driving
is not safe
- Housing Issues
- Chawls are overcrowded and have
one toilet per corridor+ have poor
sanitation
- Pavement Dwellers are
children who live in huts
on the pavements and
they pay rent to
criminals
- Pavement Dwellers are
children who live in huts
on the pavements and
they pay rent to
criminals
- Chawls are overcrowded and have
one toilet per corridor+ have poor
sanitation
- Housing solution- Bhendi Bazaar
- Many chawls and dwellings
in slums will be destroyed
to build Bhendi Bazaar, with
better infrastrcuture
- Houses+ shops wiill be built to make popel work locally
- Open spaces eg parks, green
space and play areas for children
improves community
- Solar panels will generate elctricty and air
source heat pumps will be used for heating
- CCTVs improve safety for residents
- CCTVs improve safety for residents
- Solar panels will generate elctricty and air
source heat pumps will be used for heating
- Open spaces eg parks, green
space and play areas for children
improves community
- Houses+ shops wiill be built to make popel work locally
- Many chawls and dwellings
in slums will be destroyed
to build Bhendi Bazaar, with
better infrastrcuture
- Opportunities in Dharavi
- Recycling
- Ragpickers recycle 80% of Mumbai's waste
whereas we only recycle 20% waste in the UK
- People live in low-rise
self-built homes where they
work locally so transport is
not needed for work
- People live in low-rise
self-built homes where they
work locally so transport is
not needed for work
- Ragpickers recycle 80% of Mumbai's waste
whereas we only recycle 20% waste in the UK
- Self-help schemes
- Micro-credit
schemes mean
that informal
workers can save
small amounts of
money, take small
loans, improve
their businesses
and pay back the
loan at a
reasonable rate
- NGOs provide micro-credit opportunities and give
enterprise training to small businesses
- Businesses thrive
- Govt does not give support
- Although it makes the slum dwellers
self-efficient, many need more
support from micro-credit schemes
- Although it makes the slum dwellers
self-efficient, many need more
support from micro-credit schemes
- Govt does not give support
- Businesses thrive
- NGOs provide micro-credit opportunities and give
enterprise training to small businesses
- Micro-credit
schemes mean
that informal
workers can save
small amounts of
money, take small
loans, improve
their businesses
and pay back the
loan at a
reasonable rate
- Recycling
- Mumbai is located on the
continent of Asia in the
country of India. It is in
the southern hemisphere
and is on the west coast
of India, bordering the
Arabian Sea
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