2.2 Multi-store model of Memory

Proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin as a structural model. Put forward that memory consisted of three stores: sensory register, short term memory and long term memory.
Sensory Register
1. All stimulus from the outside environment passes into the sensory register. This consists of the 5 senses, iconic- seeing, echoic- hearing.
  1. Once attention is paid attention to, it passes to the short term memory.
2. Duration: 1/4 -1/2 second
3. Capacity: sensory experience
4. Encoding: sense specific e.g iconic is coded acoustically.
Short Term Memory
1. Coded mainly acoustically and only lasts about 18 seconds so is a temporary store.
2. Memories are transferred from short to long term by maintenance rehearsal.
  1. Maintenance rehearsal is repetition of material to remember it. Once rehearsed long enough, passes to the long term memory.
Long Term Memory
1. Potentially permanent store.
2. When information wants to be recalled from the long term memory store, it has to be transferred back to the short term memory through retrieval.
3. Encoded semantically.
Evaluation
1. Strengths:
  1. Research support. Baddeley's research proves that the STM and LTM are two distinct stores.
  2. Gives us a good understand of the process of STM. Allows researchers to expand on this model.
2. Weaknesses:
  1. More than one STM store. When studying a client with amnesia, stm for digits was very poor when read aloud, but when read by himself was much better.
  2. Elaborative rehearsal. Prolonged rehearsal is not needed for transfer to LTM, what matters is the type of rehearsal.

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2.2 Multi-store model of Memory

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