Zusammenfassung der Ressource
ENZYMES
- What are they?
- Catalysts produced by living things
- A catalyst is a substance which increases the rate of reaction, without being used up
- Act as a biological catalyst
- Made of proteins
- Made of amino acids
- Active site
- Each enzyme has a unique shape
- Fits onto the substance involved in a reaction
- Only usually catalyse one reaction
- Substance must fit active site
- If not, the reaction won't be catalysed
- Diagram of an enzyme
- Temperature
- Too hot
- Bonds holding the enzyme together will break.
- Denatured
- Too high or low
- Interferes with bonds holding the enzyme together
- Too Cold
- Dormant
- Work best at 37 degrees c
- pH
- Too high or low
- Pepsin best at pH 2
- Acidic
- Digestion
- Types
- Amylase
- Starch into sugars
- Made in
- Salivary glands
- Pancreas
- Small intestine
- Protease
- Proteins into amino acids
- Made in
- Stomach
- Pancreas
- Small intestine
- Lipase
- Lipids into glycerol
- Made in
- Pancreas
- Small intestine
- Break down molecules into smaller ones.
- Big molecules
- Can't pass through walls of digestive system
- Starch, proteins and fats
- Small molecules
- Sugar, glycerol, amino acids and fatty acids
- Can fit through walls of digestive system
- Bile
- Produced in the liver
- Stored in the gall bladder
- Released into the small intetine
- Neutralises stomach acids
- Alkaline
- Enzymes work best at alkaline
- Alkaline
- Emulsifies fats
- Bigger surface area for enzyme lipase to work on