Automation

Automation

Assembly Machines
1. In line
2. Rotary
3. Fixed (Hard) Automation
  1. name for assembly machines
  2. operation is fixed and all parts produced identical
  3. Disadvantages
    1. One breaks down entire line held up
    2. Lack of Variety
    3. High cost to change product type
4. Flexible Assembly System (FAS)
5. Flexible Assembly Cell (FAC)
Flexible Manufacture
1. combats problems with batch and mass
2. use of computer controlled machines programmed to perform variety of tasks
3. allows work to be routed through various sequences
4. Mass Production
  1. new products introduced at low costs
5. Batch Production
  1. can be fully automated
  2. increased efficieny
  3. reduced cost
6. Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS)
  1. Productive Machines (PM)
    1. programmed to perform different operations
    2. CNC Machine Tool
      1. computer numerical control
      2. all early FMS most new FMS
      3. automatic tool changer
      4. machining prismatic parts
        milling
        drilling
        planing
  2. Material Handeling System (MHS)
    1. programmed to transfer work to different PMs
    2. Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV)
      1. computer controlled transporter
      2. less floor space needed than conveyers
      3. more complex layouts possible
      4. Wires buried in Ground
        most common
        complex layouts
      5. Rail Guided
        heavy parts
        simple layout
      6. laser triangulation
        expensive
        easily changeable paths
        highly flexible
    3. conveyer
  3. fully automated system
  4. Industrial Robots
    1. PMs
      1. deburring
        removes sharp edges from materials
      2. welding
      3. assembly
    2. MHS
      1. combined with conveyers or AGVs to overcome lack of reach
    3. computer controlled mechanical arm
Automated Storage and Retrieval System
1. store and retrieves materials
2. high precision and accuracy
3. defined degree of automation
Automated Factory Concept
1. Link FMS with FAS using AS/RS
2. technically feasible
3. high cost and v. complex
4. lack of people knowledge to design and build
5. sufficient to use FMS alone
FMS Today
1. Suitability
  1. designed for defined spectrum
  2. complex
  3. not adaptable enough
2. Requirements
  1. mass customisation of products
  2. reconfigurability
  3. adaptive and responsive factories
3. Trends
  1. high performing
  2. intelligent
  3. transformable
  4. reconfigurable machine tool
  5. reconfigurable assembly system
  6. self adapting control system

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