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CONSEQUENCES OF THE
LUTHERAN REFORMATION 2
- CIVIL WAR
- Charles left the empire in 1521 & made
his brother deputy President of the
Regency Council. Job? To enforce the
Edict of Worms
- Ferdinand was more flexible to dealing with
the religious issues because he needed the
military & financial support of the princes to
protect the Habsburg land from the Turks
- Realised there was no
chance of defeating the
Protestant princes, so he
ordered the Peace of
Augsburg 1555
- Ferdinand was more flexible to dealing with
the religious issues because he needed the
military & financial support of the princes to
protect the Habsburg land from the Turks
- Diet of Nuremberg 1522 & 1524 - Papal
representive demanded the arrest of Lutheran
preachers & to capture Luther but this just
created hostility towards the Pope
- TWO arguments produced (both rejected)
- It would enforce the Edict if
the Church would reform itself
& stop taking money out of
Germany
- German national council should
be called to settle the problems of
the Church
- It would enforce the Edict if
the Church would reform itself
& stop taking money out of
Germany
- TWO arguments produced (both rejected)
- Charles left the empire in 1521 & made
his brother deputy President of the
Regency Council. Job? To enforce the
Edict of Worms
- Regensburg was important because:
- 1525 - catholic
princes formed the
defensive League of
Dessau
- 1526 - Saxony, Hesse,
Brandenburg formed the League
of Torgau
- Opened negotiations with the enemies (France) for
help in the future
- Opened negotiations with the enemies (France) for
help in the future
- 1525 - catholic
princes formed the
defensive League of
Dessau
- FIRST DIET OF SPEYER 1526
- Charles V was unable to
deal effectively with the
spread of Lutheranism
because of the war with
France BUT his victory
over the French at Pavia
(1525) allowed him to call a
diet
- Charles demanded
that those who had
broken the law were
to be punished
- By the time the Diet met, Turks
were increasing in threat & France
declared war again
- Both Catholic & Luthean Princes said 'each should conduct himself
towards the Edict of Worms as he should answer for it towards
God & the Emperor' - each prince can do what they like with religion
- Charles V was unable to
deal effectively with the
spread of Lutheranism
because of the war with
France BUT his victory
over the French at Pavia
(1525) allowed him to call a
diet
- THE SECOND DIET OF SPEYER (1526)
- 1529 - Charles position improved
(Peace with France & Pope, Turks
stopped at Vienna, Spread of
Lutheranism alarmed catholic princes)
- Proposal to stop Lutheran
services in the Catholic states
- 6 Lutheran princes & 14 Imperial
cities protested (Protestants)
- 6 Lutheran princes & 14 Imperial
cities protested (Protestants)
- 1529 - Charles position improved
(Peace with France & Pope, Turks
stopped at Vienna, Spread of
Lutheranism alarmed catholic princes)
- DIET OF AUGSBURG 1530
- Aim; find common ground
with Lutherans & Catholics
- Philip Melancthon invited to
present the Lutheran
ideas, 'Confession of
Augsburg'
- 28 Articles (written in a
non-controversial style)
- Worship of saints not acceptable but
their images in Church was acceptable
- Worship of saints not acceptable but
their images in Church was acceptable
- Communion of
both kinds
acceptable
- Mass was not a
sacrifice
(transubstantiation)
- Abuses of the
church condemned
- Justification of faith alone
clarified
- Only two
sacraments
- Authority of the Pope
not all accepted
- 28 Articles (written in a
non-controversial style)
- Catholics rejected the Confession
of Augsburg
- Charles said he was to enforce the Edict of
Worms & gave the Lutherans 6 months to
return to the Church
- Aim; find common ground
with Lutherans & Catholics
- THE SUCCESS OF LUTHERANISM 1531-41
- Despite Charles' bold declaration at
the Diet of Augsburg (1530) - Charles
position weakend
- Turks attacked again & Charles V
needed money to defend the
Habsburg lands
- Ottoman navy
growing strong in
the Mediterranean
- Turks attacked again & Charles V
needed money to defend the
Habsburg lands
- March 1531 - 8 princes & 11
imperial cities joined to form the
defensive Schmalkaldic league
- John of Saxony & Philip of Hesse
- Protect any state
whose true gospel was
underthreat
- At the Diet of Nuremberg
1532 - Charles declared he
would not attack the league
in return for money & men
- (Imperial truce) Lutheran &
Catholic troops vs. Turks
- (Imperial truce) Lutheran &
Catholic troops vs. Turks
- Francis I joined it &
Henry VIII protected it
- War with the Schmalkaldic League
started in 1546 (hesse, Saxony,
Wurttemberg & 4 imperial cities
fought)
- 1547 - Battle of Muhlberg (Lutherans
lost) - Maurice granted Electoral
Saxony & Charles gained much of
Germany
- 1547 - Battle of Muhlberg (Lutherans
lost) - Maurice granted Electoral
Saxony & Charles gained much of
Germany
- John of Saxony & Philip of Hesse
- Catholic League formed in 1538 to
resist the Lutherans
- Charles failed again to find compromise by
bringing Catholic & Lutherans together at
Regensburg on 1541
- This failure meant that he only saw force as
an answer + political situation was turning
around for him:
- Bigamy of Philip Hesse
(Propaganda for the
Catholics)
- War with France ended in 1542-4
(peace of Crepy) - France no longer
supported the Schmalkaldic League
- 1545 - Truce with the Turks
- 1545 - First session
of the Council of Trent
- 1546 - Pope Paul III, gave money & men
to Charles V as support in war against the
Lutherans
- Bigamy of Philip Hesse
(Propaganda for the
Catholics)
- This failure meant that he only saw force as
an answer + political situation was turning
around for him:
- July 1546 - The Diet of Regensburg
put John Fredrick of Saxony under
Imperial Ban & he was ordered to
give up Lutheranism. Maurice of
Saxony was promised lands & a title
of Elector for his support.
- Despite Charles' bold declaration at
the Diet of Augsburg (1530) - Charles
position weakend
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