Bipolar Disorder

Beschreibung

Biological (Depression & Schizophrenia) Mindmap am Bipolar Disorder, erstellt von n.c.wetmore am 26/04/2013.
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Mindmap von n.c.wetmore, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Bipolar Disorder
  1. Genetics
    1. genetic predisposition supported by usual types of evidence
      1. twin studies and adoption studies
        1. researchers have located two genes appearing to increase prob of bipolar II disorder
          1. NWULIA ET AL 2007
            1. also demonstrated some of same genes that predispose major depression also presuppose to bipolar
              1. genes increase risk not strong relationship
        2. Treatments
          1. lithium
            1. Cade thought uric aside would relieve mania and used lithium salt to dissolve - accidentally found it!
              1. stabilises mood, preventing relapse into either mania or depression
                1. high dose is toxic
                2. valproate and carbazepine
                  1. not fully effective
                    1. physicians sometimes supplement them with antidep drugs or antipsychotic drugs
                      1. antidep drugs are risky, sometimes provoke switch from depression to mania
                        1. antipsychotic drugs can be helpful but also produce unpleasant side effects
                  2. all have many effects on the brain
                    1. assume they relieve bipolar because of effect they have in common
                      1. one effect is decrease number of AMPA type glutamate receptors in hippo
                        1. DU ET AL 2008
                          1. excessive flatmate activity is responsibly for some aspects of mania
                          2. block synthesis of brain chemical called arachidonic acid
                            1. produced during brain inflammation
                              1. effects are counteracted by omega-3
                                1. epidemiological studies say people who eat 1 pound of seafood per week have decreased risk of bipolar disorder
                          3. bipolar patients show increased expression of genes associated with inflammation
                            1. getting people to maintain a consistent sleeping schedule in dark, quiet rooms reduces intensity of mood swings
                              1. WEHR ET AL 1998
                            2. Unipolar Disorder
                              1. vary between normality and depression
                              2. Bipolar Disorder
                                1. alternate between depression and mania
                                  1. Mania is restless activity, excitement etc
                                    1. become dangerous to themselves and others
                                      1. brains increase in glucose and decrease for depression
                                    2. those with massive episodes of mania have bipolar I disorder
                                      1. bipolar II disorder have milder manic phases called hypomania (anxiety)
                                        1. attention deficits, poor impulse control and impairments of verbal memory
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