Describe common research designs: Developmental Theorists

Freud (psychosocial)
1. discontinuous = 3 stages in development. id, ego, superego
  1. id = sole structure at birth, functions to obtain pleasure, functions unconsciously
  2. ego = arbitrator between instinctual demands and reality - operates on 'reality principle'
  3. superego = moral agency of personality - conscience
Erikson (Neo-Freudian = influenced by Freud)
1. focused on the outside world, aiming to point out development opportunities that help cope with the psychological hazards of living
2. proposed 8 stages = discontinuous
3. concentrated on the development of a healthy personality
Watson (behaviourism)
1. genetics doesn't matter is behaviour/experience/environment that affects development
2. considered environmental factors all important and genetic factors as minimal in development
3. cultural and nurture
Bandura (social learning)
1. conditioning and reinforcement doesn't account for everything there is observation and imitating
2. 'SOR theory' - S = stimulus, O = variables within the child[e.g. cognition or thought], R = response
3. within the interaction between, behaviour, cognition and the environment the cognition is most important
Piaget (cognition development)
1. describe and explain the thought process within development and how it effects how everyone looks at the world
2. KEY IDEA: children think differently to adults
3. most widely known and most influential
4. proposed that just as organisms adapt to the physical environment so too the thought adapts to the environment on a psychological level

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Describe common research designs: Developmental Theorists

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