AS-Level Chemistry Module 2 - OCR A

Atoms and Moles
1. The Atom
  1. Structure
    1. Protons, Neutrons, Electrons
  2. Nuclear Symbols
    1. Mass number
    2. Atomic Number
  3. Atoms and Ions
    1. Positive or Negative Charge
  4. Isoptoes
    1. Same number of protons, different number of neutrons
2. Atomic Models
  1. JJ Thomson
    1. Plum Pudding Model
  2. Rutherford's Model
    1. Gold Foil Experiment
  3. Bohr's Model
    1. Four basic principles
3. Relative Mass
  1. Atomic Mass
    1. Calculating
  2. Isotopic Mass
  3. Molecular Mass
  4. Formula Mass
4. The Mole
  1. What is a mole?
  2. Molar Mass
  3. Calculations
5. Gas Volumes
  1. Gas Volume
  2. Ideal Gas Equation
    1. pV=nRT
6. Concentration Calculations
  1. Moles and Concentration
    1. n=cxV(dm3)
Formulas and Equations
1. Formulas
  1. Empirical and molecular formulas
2. Calculating Formulas
  1. Empirical formula
    1. Experimental data
    2. Percentage compositions
  2. Molecular formula
3. Chemical Equations
  1. Balancing equations
  2. Ionic Equations
4. Equations and Calculations
  1. Calculating masses
  2. Gas volumes
  3. State symbols
5. Formulas of Ionic Compounds
  1. Formation of ions
  2. Formulas
Reactions and Calculations
1. Acids, Bases and Salts
  1. What are they?
  2. Strength of acids and bases
  3. Reactions
    1. Acid-base reactions
    2. Acids and Oxides
    3. Acid and metal oxides
    4. Acid and metal hydroxides
    5. Acids and carbonates
2. Anhydrous and Hydrous Salts
  1. What are they?
  2. Finding the formula of hydrated salts
3. Titrations
  1. Performing titrations
  2. Indicators
  3. Practical Techniques
    1. Measuring masses
    2. Volumes of solutions
  4. Standard Solutions
    1. Preparing solutions
    2. Calculations
4. Titrations Calculatons
  1. Calculating concentration
  2. Polyprotic acids
  3. Calculating volumes
5. Chemical Yield
  1. Theoretical yield
  2. Percentage yield
6. Atom Economy
  1. What is it?
  2. Calculating it
  3. Addition and substitution reactions
  4. Atom economy and percentage yield
  5. Atom economy in industry
7. Oxidation Number
  1. Finding
    1. From formulas
    2. From systematic names
  2. Assigning
  3. Using
    1. Working out systematic names
    2. Working out formulas
8. Redox Reactions
  1. What are they?
  2. Changing oxidation numbers
  3. Reactions with dilute acids and metals
Electrons, Bonding and Structure
1. Electronic Structure
  1. Electron Shells
    1. Sub-shells
      1. s-shells
        2 electrons, 1 orbital
      2. p-shells
        6 electrons, 3 orbitals
      3. d-shells
        10 electrons, 5 orbitals
      4. f-shells
        14 electrons, 7 orbitals
    2. Shells
      1. 1st shell
        2 electrons
      2. 2nd Shell
        8 electrons
      3. 3rd shell
        18 electrons
      4. 4th shell
        32 shells
  2. Orbitals
    1. s-sub shells are spherical
    2. p-sub shells are dumb-bell
  3. Electron Configurations
    1. Sub-shell notation
    2. Electrons in boxes
    3. Energy Level Diagrams
2. Ionic Bonding
  1. Oppositely charged ions are attracted together
    1. Ionic compound forms
      1. Overall charge is 0
  2. Dot and Cross diagrams
  3. Giant Ionic Lattices
    1. Regular shape
    2. Attracted to oppositely charged ions in all directions
  4. Behaviour of Compounds
    1. Electrical Conductivity
      1. Conduct when molten or dissolved
    2. Melting and boiling points
      1. High
        Strong electrostatic forces
    3. Solubility
      1. Dissolves in water
3. Shapes of Molecules
  1. Linear
    1. Berylium Chloride/Carbon Doixide
    2. 180 degrees
  2. Trigonal Planar
    1. 120 degrees
    2. Boron Triflouride
  3. Tetrahedral
    1. 109.5 degrees
    2. Methane, Ammonium ion
  4. Trigonal Pyramidal
    1. Ammonia
    2. 107 degrees
  5. Non-linear
    1. 104.5 degrees
    2. Water
  6. Trigonal bipyramidal
    1. Phosphorous Pentachloride
    2. 120, 90 degrees
  7. Octahedral
    1. 90 degrees
    2. Sulphur hexaflouride
4. Polarisation
  1. Electronegativity
  2. Polar and non-polar bonds
  3. Polar molecules
  4. Predicting bond types
5. Intermolecular Forces
  1. Induced dipole-dipole interactions
  2. Permanent dipole-dipole interactions
  3. Hydrogen Bonding
  4. Behaviour of simple covalent compounds
    1. Electrical Conductivity
    2. Melting and boiling points
    3. Solubility
  5. Trends in melting and boiling points
6. Covalent Bonding
  1. Molecules
    1. Non-metals
    2. Share electrons, each atom gets 8 electrons in their outer shell
  2. Dot and cross
    1. Single, Double and triple bonds
  3. Dative covalent
    1. 1 atom provides both shared electrons
  4. Special Cases
    1. Boron Triflouride
    2. Sulphur Hexaflouride
  5. Covalent bond strength
    1. Average bond enthalpy

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AS-Level Chemistry Module 2 - OCR A

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