Design and Manufacture Materials

Wood
1. Softwoods
  1. Coniferous Trees
    1. Evergreen
    2. needle - leaved
    3. Cone - bearing
  2. examples
    1. Scots pine
      1. Used for DIY
    2. Parana pine
      1. Used for doors and stairs
    3. Spurce
      1. Used in bedrooms and kitchens
    4. Yellow Cedar
      1. Used for furniture
2. Hardwoods
  1. Deciduous Trees
    1. Black walnut
    2. Willow oak
    3. Box elder
  2. examples
    1. Beech
      1. Used for toys and tool handles
    2. Oak
      1. Used for high class furniture
    3. Mahogany
      1. Used in bars (Pubs)
    4. Balsa
      1. Used for light work modelling
3. Differences
  1. Hardwoods lose their leaves
  2. Hardwoods are more expensive
  3. Softwoods grow faster
  4. Softwoods are lighter
Metals
1. Ferrous
  1. Contain iron
  2. examples
    1. cast iron
    2. Mild steel
    3. Medium steel
    4. Stainless steel
2. Non - ferrous
  1. Don't contain iron
  2. examples
    1. Aluminium
    2. Zinc
    3. Duraumin
    4. Copper
3. Most metals are good conductors
  1. They can also be recycled
4. Most metals are extracted from ores using chemical reactions
  1. Metals are usually mixed with other metals to help improve their properties
    1. This is called an Alloy
Plastics
1. Natural
  1. Plants
    1. Cellulose can be extracted
  2. Trees
    1. Latex and amber can be extracted
  3. Animals
    1. Horn and milk can be extracted
      1. Used to make glues
2. Synthetic
  1. Crude oil
  2. Coal
  3. Natural gases
Working Properties
1. Conductivity
  1. Can the material conduct heat or electrical energy
2. Strength
  1. Can force be applied to it without it breaking
3. Elasticity
  1. Can it bend and return to how it was before
4. Plasticity
  1. Can it change shape permanently
5. Malleability
  1. Can it deform it all directions without breaking
6. Ductility
  1. Can it deform (usually along it's length)
7. Hardness
  1. Can it take a bit of wear and tare
8. Toughness
  1. Can it take blows and sudden shocks without breaking
9. Durability
  1. Can it withstand wear (Especially with weather)
10. Fusibility
  1. Can it change state wen it's heated to it's melting point
Components
1. Smaller parts used to make up an object
2. Often used to join materials together
3. Different components are used to join different materials
  1. Plastics
  2. Woods
  3. Metals
4. Made from resistant materials
5. Usually read made when bought
6. Most Common
  1. Nails
  2. Screws
  3. Hinges
  4. Catches
Joints
1. Most joints are made from more than one piece of material
2. Joints are used to connect pieces of material together
3. Permanent joints are intended to stay put. They are normally done used nails, rivets or one of the heating processes.
4. Temporary fittings are usually involve components being fitted using a screw thread so it can be taken out again.
5. Plastics are usually moulded so they snap together

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Design and Manufacture Materials

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