Chemistry Extension

Periodic table
1. Created by Mendeleev in 1869
2. Protons, neutrons and electrons were created in late 19th century
3. Elements arranged in order of atomic number
4. Group number is equal to number of electrons
5. Newlands law of Octaves was the first good effort
  1. Arrangedin sets of eight
Alkali Metals
1. As you go down Group 1, the alkali metals become more reactive
  1. Because the electrons are further from the nucleus
2. Lithium, Sodium and Potassium, (Rubidum and Caesium)
3. They all have 1 outer electron
4. when mixed with non metals, they form compounds
5. Any reaction with water produces hydrogen gas
Halogens
1. As you go down the group, the halogens get less reactive, have a higher melting point and a higher boiling point
2. They are all non metals with coloured metals
  1. Flourine is a very reactive, poisonous yellow gas
  2. Chlorine is fairly reactive, poisonous dense green gas
  3. Bromine is a dense, poisonous red-brown liquid
  4. Iodine is a dark grey crystalline solid or a purple vapour
3. Form ionic bonds with metals
Transition elements
1. They are in the middle of group 2 and 3
2. Good conductors of heat and electricty
3. Dense strong and shiny
4. Mush less reactive than Group 1 - they don't react with oxygen or water
5. Transition metals have more than 1 ion
6. Potassium chromate is yellow, potassium maganate is purple, copper sulfate is blue
Water
1. Hard and Soft
Water quality
1. Drinking water needs to be of good quality
  1. There are 4 stages of cleaning water from reservoirs

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Chemistry Extension

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