Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Biology: Lung Disease
- Tuberculosis
- Transmission
Anmerkungen:
- Spread by droplets of water/mucous
Inhaled into another person's respiratory system
- Bacterium -
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
- Course of Infection
Anmerkungen:
- The bacteria can grow and divide in the upper regions of the lungs.
Phagocytes can engulf and digest the bacteria.
They can become encased in a tubercule.
The bacteria can destroy the alveoli, causing fibrosis and scar tissue.
The damage leads to less diffusion of gases, due to less surface area and larger diffusion pathway.
- Symptoms
Anmerkungen:
- Persistant cough
Tiredness
Loss of apetite
Fever
Coughing up blood
- Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Scarring of the
epithelium of the lungs
- Irreversibly thickened
- Larger diffusion pathway
- The volume of air the
lungs can contain is
reduced
- Reduces the
elasticity of the
lungs
- Lack of stretch and recoil
- Air cannot be expulsed so lung ventilation is difficult
- Symptoms
Anmerkungen:
- Shortness of breath
Fatigue
Chest pain
Chronic cough
- Emphysema
- Symptoms
Anmerkungen:
- Shortness of breath
Chronic cough
Fatigue
- Breaking down of the
alveoli
- Surface area of
the lungs is
reduced
- Elastin break down
- Lack of stretch and recoil
- More difficult to expel air
- Caused by smoking
- Asthma
- Caused by allergens
- Also triggered by air
pollution, exercise,
cold air...
- What happens:
Anmerkungen:
- Allergens cause WBCs to move to site of infection.
Release histamine
Lining of airways inflammed. Cells produce more mucus. Bronchioles contract, constricting the airways.
Airways in turn become blocked
- Symptoms
Anmerkungen:
- Difficulty breathing
Tight chest pain
Wheezing
Coughing