Anatomy module 1

The [blank_start]sagittal[blank_end] plane separates body into right and left portion.

Which statement is CORRECT regarding the vertebral column?

How can you differentiate between lumbar and thoracic vertebrae?

What helps differentiate cervical vertebrae?

Label features of the vertebrae.

Label the correct features of the thoracic vertebrae.

Label the appropriate features of the cervical vertebrae.

The vertebral arteries thread through the transverse foramina from the [blank_start]subclavian arteries[blank_end], on its way to the brainstem.

What is TRUE about the axis and atlas?

Label the correct features of the cervical vertebrae.

Name the vertebrae.

The transverse ligament on dens allows for [blank_start]rotation.[blank_end] The articulation on occipital condyles of the skull allows for [blank_start]"nodding"[blank_end].

Label the correct features of the sacrum. Note the correct orientation of the sacrum.

On the sacrum, the [blank_start]spinous tubercles[blank_end] is formed from the spinous processes; the [blank_start]sacral foramina[blank_end] are derived from the intervertebral foramen; the [blank_start]lateral sacral crest[blank_end] is derived from the transverse processes; the [blank_start]sacral promontory[blank_end] is a feature of the S1 vertebral body.

Please select all CORRECT statements regarding the intervertebral disc.

The orientation of the zygopophyseal joints varies in different regions of the spinal column. Cervical - [blank_start]sloped from anterior to posterior[blank_end], allows for rotation, [blank_start]flexion and extension, lateral flexion[blank_end]. Thoracic - [blank_start]vertical[blank_end], allows for [blank_start]lateral rotation and flexion[blank_end]. Lumbar - [blank_start]wrapped[blank_end], allows for [blank_start]flexion and extension[blank_end].

Label the correct vertebral ligaments.

The C1 spinal nerve lies [blank_start]above[blank_end] the C1 vertebra. The T1 spinal nerve lies [blank_start]below[blank_end] the T1 vertebra. The L1 spinal nerve lies [blank_start]below[blank_end] the L1 vertebra. The S1 spinal nerve lies [blank_start]below[blank_end] the S1 vertebra.

In order to study the spinal cord in situ, a [blank_start]laminectomy[blank_end] must be performed. The [blank_start]laminae[blank_end] are cut [blank_start]bilaterally[blank_end], and the [blank_start]spinous processes[blank_end] of each vertebra are removed. This opens the vertebral canal and exposes the spinal cord from the [blank_start]posterior[blank_end] aspect.

Label parts of the spinal cord.

Label the correct parts of the spinal cord (look at the ends of the pin).

Label parts of the spinal cord (look at the probe).

Label the pinned part of the spinal cord.

Denticulate ligament is made up of [blank_start]pia mater[blank_end]. The dural sac is made up of [blank_start]dura and arachnoid[blank_end]. The dural sac extends from the [blank_start]foramen magnum[blank_end] of the occipital bone to the level of [blank_start]S2[blank_end] vertebral body. The conus medullaris is typically adjacent to the [blank_start]L2[blank_end] vertebral body. The filum terminale externa is made up of [blank_start]pia, arachnoid and dura mater[blank_end]. The lumbar cistern is the cite of a lumbar puncture, which is withdrawal of CSF between [blank_start]L3[blank_end] and [blank_start]L4[blank_end] vertebrae. The epidural space lies between the [blank_start]dura[blank_end] and the vertebral canal.

Choose the INCORRECT statement regarding the nervous system.

The parasympathetic nervous system arises from the brainstem, and from spinal segments [blank_start]S2[blank_end] to [blank_start]S4[blank_end]. The sympathetic nervous system arises from spinal segments [blank_start]T1[blank_end] to [blank_start]L2[blank_end].

[blank_start]Ventral[blank_end] roots control somatic and autonomic motor fibers. [blank_start]Dorsal[blank_end] roots control sensory fibers. Dorsal root ganglion contain the cell bodies of [blank_start]pseudounipolar sensory neurons[blank_end].

Choose the CORRECT statement regarding spinal nerves.

[blank_start]Dorsal[blank_end] rami are [blank_start]smaller[blank_end], and innervate target tissues overlying and adjacent to the vertebral column (para-axial). [blank_start]Ventral[blank_end] rami are [blank_start]larger[blank_end], and innervate target tissues in the remainder of body wall and limbs.

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

Choose all statements that are INCORRECT.

Order the sequence a sympathetic motor signal travels from the CNS to the target tissue. 1. Intermediolateral horn of spinal horn 2. [blank_start]Ventral root[blank_end] 3. [blank_start]Spinal nerve[blank_end] 4. [blank_start]White ramus communicans[blank_end] 5. [blank_start]Sympathetic chain[blank_end] 6. [blank_start]Sympathetic ganglion[blank_end] 7. [blank_start]Grey ramus communicans[blank_end] 9. Spinal nerve 9. [blank_start]Ventral ramus[blank_end] 10. Peripheral nerve

What are the targets of the somatic nerves?

Label parts of the brachial plexus.

Label the diagram of brachial plexus. Remember the positions with respect to the axillary artery.

The lateral cord is made up of [blank_start]C5 and C6[blank_end] spinal nerves. The posterior cord is made up of [blank_start]C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1[blank_end] spinal nerves. The medial cord is made up of [blank_start]C8 and T1[blank_end] spinal nerves.

Abduction of shoulder - [blank_start]C5[blank_end]. Flexion of elbow - [blank_start]C5 and C6[blank_end]. Extension of elbow - [blank_start]C7[blank_end]. Flexion of digits - [blank_start]C7 and C8[blank_end]. Abduction and adduction of digits - [blank_start]C8 and T1[blank_end].