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Dominant discourses show how reality has been socially constructed
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A [blank_start]discourse[blank_end] is a set of statements which [blank_start]construct[blank_end] an object
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Words have power is a dominant discourse and are found in
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Pictures
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Talk
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Text
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Text and Talk
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Pictures, Talk and Text
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Pictures and Text
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Pictures and Talk
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The dominant discourse words have power and are found in talk and text.
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[blank_start]Dominant[blank_end] discourses show how reality has been socially constructed.
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Dominant
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Submissive
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Constructed
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Neutral
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When interrogating data to determine a discourse, it is important to understand the differences between the description, analysis and interpretation. Using maths as a metaphor the
[blank_start]Description[blank_end] is the actual numbers.
[blank_start]Analysis[blank_end] is the process of adding or subtracting.
[blank_start]Interpretation[blank_end] is calculating the result.
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Description
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Analysis
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Interpretation
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Implication
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Explanation
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Observation
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Realisation
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When designing a question [blank_start]framework[blank_end], [blank_start]questions[blank_end] to consider are:
- What [blank_start]purpose[blank_end] does this discourse serve?
- What kind of [blank_start]people[blank_end] live in the data?
- What is the [blank_start]impact[blank_end] of these words?
- What is the most [blank_start]powerful[blank_end] discourse and why?
- See if others draw the same [blank_start]conclusions[blank_end].
- Be [blank_start]open[blank_end] about where you are coming from.
- Understand the [blank_start]difference[blank_end] between [blank_start]description[blank_end], [blank_start]analysis[blank_end] and [blank_start]interpretation[blank_end].
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purpose
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people
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impact
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powerful
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conclusions
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open
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difference
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interpretation
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analysis
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description
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questions
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framework
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According to Michael [blank_start]Foucault[blank_end]:
- [blank_start]Power relationships[blank_end] are [blank_start]maintained[blank_end] through [blank_start]dominant[blank_end] discourses.
- [blank_start]Discourses[blank_end] facilitate and limit, enable and constrain what be said by [blank_start]whom, where and when[blank_end].
- When an individual is [blank_start]constructed[blank_end] through discourse, they are accorded a particular [blank_start]subject position[blank_end] within that discourse, which brings with it a set of [blank_start]images, metaphors and obligations[blank_end] concerning the kind of [blank_start]response[blank_end] that can be made.
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A [blank_start]discourse[blank_end] is a set of [blank_start]statements[blank_end] which [blank_start]construct[blank_end] an [blank_start]object[blank_end].
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discourse
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statements
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construct
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object
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Critical discourse analysis (CDA) objective is to perceive language use as social practice.
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Traditional social psychology views on language include:
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Language is used to describe external reality
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Language reflects social realities
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Language is regarded as a window into people's minds
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Talk reveals things about us and others
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Language constructs reality: even if we are unaware of it doing so
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Language creates social categories, processess and identities
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Language is social. Even when we think or talk to ourselves, the significance of the words we use arises from social processes
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Language has an action orientation
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Discursive psychology views on language include:
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Language is used to describe external reality
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Language reflects social realities
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Language is regarded as a window into people's minds
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Talk reveals things about us and others
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Language constructs reality: even if we are unaware of it doing so
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Language creates social categories, processess and identities
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Language is social. Even when we think or talk to ourselves, the significance of the words we use arises from social processes
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Language has an action orientation
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Discourse analysis focuses on a public and collective reality as constructed through language use. It examines how people use language to construct versions of the world and...
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what is gained by these constructions.
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what is lost by these constructions.
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what power is granted by these constructions.
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An example of how linguistic actions and practices are done in particular setting is
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the construction of people with mental health problems as dangerous
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the way abusive men use talk to control their partners (evident in coercive control)
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the rise of parental alienation syndrome
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studies of racist talk and practice
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An example of how particular accounts of things are constructed and made to seem factual and objective is
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the way abusive men use talk to control their partners (evident in coercive control)
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the construction of people with mental health problems as dangerous
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the rise of parental alienation syndrome
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studies of racist talk and practice
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An example deconstructing psychological practice is
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the way abusive men use talk to control their partners (evident in coercive control)
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the construction of people with mental health problems as dangerous
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the rise of parental alienation syndrome
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studies of racist talk and practice
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An example of exploitation, prejudice and ideology is
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the way abusive men use talk to control their partners (evident in coercive control)
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the construction of people with mental health problems as dangerous
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the rise of parental alienation syndrome
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studies of racist talk and practice
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Discursive psychology is popular with those who want to give psychology a critical/radical edge.
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Discursive psychology has no set procedure and uses either naturally occurring language or text from interviews and focus groups.
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Doing discursive psychology involves:
No one set [blank_start]procedure[blank_end]
Uses either [blank_start]naturally occurring language[blank_end] or text from interviews and focus groups
May involve [blank_start]coding[blank_end]
Look for [blank_start]patterns, identifying their functions[blank_end]
Consider context is [blank_start]important[blank_end]
Consider what [blank_start]alternative[blank_end] constructions there might be
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[blank_start]Rhetoric[blank_end] includes the emphasis placed on certain words, the timing, the hints and the use of metaphors.
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Strategic [blank_start]ambivalence[blank_end] is the ambiguous use of "we" and seemingly innocuous actions that have an underlying motive such as flowers on mothers day from an abuser.
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The ambiguous use of "we" e.g. we shouldn't be arguing is known as
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Strategic ambivalence
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Axiom markers
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Use of metaphors
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Natural entitlement
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Innocuous actions that have an underlying (hostile) intent such as an abuser given the abusee flowers on mothers day is known as
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Strategic ambivalence
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Using metaphors
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Axiom markers
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Natural entitlement
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[blank_start]Strategic ambivalence[blank_end] includes the ambiguous use of "we" and innocuous actions that have an underlying intent.
[blank_start]Axiom markers[blank_end] are a proposition that commends itself to general acceptance; a well established or universally conceded principle.
[blank_start]Metaphors[blank_end] are figures of speech that can be used to establish dominance or avoid responsibility,
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Strategic ambivalence
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Axiom markers
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Metaphors
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[blank_start]Axiom markers[blank_end] are a proposition that commends itself to general acceptance; a well established or universally conceded principle.
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[blank_start]Metaphors[blank_end] are figures of speech that can be used to establish dominance or avoid responsibility,
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The following is an example of an axiom marker
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That's it pure and simple
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A man's home is his castle
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I just snapped for some reason
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The following is not an example of an axiom marker
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The following is an example of a metaphor
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The following is not an example of a metaphor
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A man's home is his castle
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My temperature just rises
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Just snapped for some reason
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I keep it inside and it builds up and then I explode
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Part and parcel
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Which of the following is a metaphor used to establish dominance?
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Which of the following is not a metaphor used to avoid responsibility?
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Language is a form of [blank_start]social action[blank_end]
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Language is a form of [blank_start]social action[blank_end].
It constructs [blank_start]social and psychological[blank_end] 'realities'.
It structures [blank_start]power[blank_end] relationships.
Discursive psychology can expose the taken-for-granted and the way language works to maintain [blank_start]privlege and oppression[blank_end].
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privlege and oppression
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social action
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power
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social and psychological