PHSI3011 11-1 The Role of Muscle in Metabolism

Which of the following are sources of glucose (that end up in the blood, then onwards)?

Fatty Acids can only be used in [blank_start]__________[blank_end] metabolism.

Lactic acid from [blank_start]__________[blank_end] metabolism can be converted to [blank_start]__________[blank_end] by the [blank_start]__________[blank_end].

Skeletal Muscle released endocrine signals in the form of:

Endocrine signals released from Skeletal Muscle can go to which of the following:

During exercise, the blood supply to the following areas is increased/decreased/unchanged: CNS: [blank_start]__________[blank_end] GI tract: [blank_start]__________[blank_end] Kidney: [blank_start]__________[blank_end] Muscles: [blank_start]__________[blank_end]

An overabundance of which of the following leads to obesity?

Myokines are CYTOKINES and PROTEINS produced by muscle. Most are regulated by what?

True or false: Myokines are the molecular link between nerve function and whole-body physiology?

Exercise-induced myokines include which of the following?

True or false: Irisin elevates energy expenditure and oxidative metabolism in muscle.

True or false: Irisin lowers energy expenditure and oxidative metabolism in muscle.

Irisin [blank_start]__________[blank_end] brown fat thermogenesis (browning & thermogenic function in [blank_start]__________[blank_end] fat)

Myokines have __________ functions.

Muscle displays plasticity in metabolic responses to:

UCP1 is a core factor for [blank_start]__________[blank_end] in [blank_start]__________[blank_end] Adipose Tissue.

InterLeukin 6 (IL6) is a myokine that happens to also be produced by:

IL6 can be either PROinflammatory or ANTIinflammatory. [blank_start]__________[blank_end] is associated with insulin resistance and behaves in a proinflammatory way. [blank_start]__________[blank_end] leads to elevated anti-inflammatory cytokines (such as IL1ra and IL10).

IL6 is produced __________ exercise.

At exercise time (before? during? after?), IL6 is produced by:

In addition to exercise, myokines can also be induced by:

True or false: The nutrient Palmitate modifies expression of many myokines (including Irisin, FGF21, IL6, CXCL1, CXCL5, Myonectin).

Autocrine myokines regulate [blank_start]__________[blank_end] and [blank_start]__________[blank_end]. (put the two in alphabetical order)

Which of the following can be all of (Hepatokine, Adipokine, Myokine)?

Which of the following myokines can be a biomarker in: (Increased serum levels: Coronary Heart Disease, Cushing’s Syndrome, Carcinoid Atherosclerosis, Obesity/T2D, Mitochondrial Disease, Preeclampsia; Decreased serum levels: Anorexia Nervosa)?

How many hours of VIGOROUS INTENSITY exercise is recommended for WEIGHT LOSS?

How many hours of VIGOROUS INTENSITY exercise is recommended for GENERAL HEALTH (<65yo)?

How many hours of MODERATE INTENSITY exercise is recommended for WEIGHT LOSS?

How many hours of MODERATE INTENSITY exercise is recommended for GENERAL HEALTH (<65yo)?