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Quiz von David Tirol , aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von David Tirol
vor fast 7 Jahre
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Frage 1
Frage
If all the nerves passing through the annulus of Zinn were transected, what nerve would
continue to function?
Antworten
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superior division of cranial nerve III
-
cranial nerve IV
-
nasociliary branch of cranial nerve V (V1)
-
optic nerve
Frage 2
Frage
Which extraocular muscle originates from the annulus of Zinn?
Antworten
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Levator palpebrae superioris
-
Superior oblique
-
Lateral rectus
-
Inferior oblique
Frage 3
Frage
What is the ratio of optic nerve axons that cross at the optic chiasm to those that do not cross at the optic chiasm?
Antworten
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67:33
-
50:50
-
30:70
-
53:47
Frage 4
Frage
A patient presents with left-sided ophthalmoplegia and forehead numbness. The lesion is
most likely to be located at the:
Antworten
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Brainstem
-
Cavernous sinus
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Superior Orbit
-
Intraconal space
Frage 5
Frage
The first cells to develop in the embryonic retina are the:
Antworten
-
Ganglion cells
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Photoreceptors
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Amacrine Cells
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Bipolar cells
Frage 6
Frage
Which disorder is associated with a non-mitochondrial gene?
Antworten
-
Leber hereditary optic neuropathy
-
Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia
-
Neuropathy, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosa
-
Retinoblastoma
Frage 7
Frage
What characteristic of retinoblastoma may facilitate its diagnosis as a familial condition?
Antworten
-
It may be associated with chromosome 11 short-arm deletion syndrome and Wilms tumor.
-
It affects approximately 1 per 100,000 live births in the United States.
-
Approximately 90% of patients with hereditary retinoblastoma have a family history of the disease.
-
The hereditary pattern in familial retinoblastoma is autosomal dominant, but the defect is mitochondrial at a cellular level.
Frage 8
Frage
Mutations in the rhodopsin gene are associated with what inherited ocular disease?
Antworten
-
Juvenile Glaucoma
-
Leber Heriditary Optic Neuropathy
-
Retinitis Pigmentosa
-
Stargardt Disease
Frage 9
Frage
Mitochondrial inheritance is transmitted by what route?
Antworten
-
Paternal mitochondria
-
Maternal mitochondria
-
Acquired mitochondria
-
De novo mitochondria
Frage 10
Frage
Mutations of PAX6 are associated with what disorder?
Antworten
-
Aniridia
-
Retinal Coloboma
-
Retinal Hypoplasia
-
Corneal granular dystrophy
Frage 11
Frage
An unaffected woman has a brother, maternal uncle, and son affected with retinitis pigmentosa. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?
Antworten
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Autosomal dominant
-
X-linked recessive
-
Autosomal recessive
-
sporadric
Frage 12
Frage
What is the basis for complex genetic diseases?
Antworten
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A single recessive gene
-
X-linked genes
-
A single spontaneous genetic mutation
-
The resultant effect of many genes, in combination with health habits and environmental factors
Frage 13
Frage
What structure, if inflamed, would be considered a sign of uveitis?
Antworten
-
Optic nerve
-
Descemet membrane
-
Choroid
-
Retinal pigment epithelium
Frage 14
Frage
What pair accurately matches a cell-type origin with the correct tear-layer product?
Antworten
-
Goblet cells - Lipid Layer
-
Meibomian Glands - Mucin Layer
-
Glands of Krause - Aqueous layer
-
Glands of Wolfring - Mucin layer
Frage 15
Frage
What option most accurately describes the immunoglobulin(s) that can be found in the tear film?
Antworten
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IgA only
-
IgA and IgG only
-
IgG and IgM only
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IgA, IgG, IgM, and IgD
Frage 16
Frage
What intraocular structure is a true basement membrane (basal lamina)?
Antworten
-
Bowman layer
-
Zonule of Zinn
-
Descemet Membrane
-
Anterior border layer of the Iris
Frage 17
Frage
What is the principal structural protein in the Descemet membrane
Antworten
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Type I collagen
-
Type II collagen
-
Type III collagen
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Type IV collagen
Frage 18
Frage
What mechanism holds the flap created during laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in place after surgery?
Antworten
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endothelial - Descemet membrane interaction
-
endothelial pump
-
Bowman layer - stromal adhesions
-
stromal collagen adhesions
Frage 19
Frage
What property of the retina renders it susceptible to oxidative stress?
Antworten
-
high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the photoreceptor outer segments
-
high concentration of carotenoids compared with other intraocular structure
-
presence of Vitamin E
-
absence of retinal vessels in the foveal avascular zone
Frage 20
Frage
What pigment within the retinal pigment epithelium is responsible for the signal generated in fundus autofluorescence imaging?
Antworten
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melanin
-
lipofuscin
-
rhodopsin
-
lutein
Frage 21
Frage
The retinal pigment epithelium is the first site of melanogenesis in the body. Ocular melanin has been shown to participate in what process?
Antworten
-
Pathogenesis of retinitis pigmentosa
-
Vitamin A metabolism
-
Retinal adhesion
-
Retinal development and neuronal migration
Frage 22
Frage
Age-related loss of type IX collagen has been implicated in what process related to the vitreous?
Antworten
-
vitreous hemorrhage
-
angiogenesis
-
increase diffusion of oxygen from the anterior segment to the posterior segment
-
vitreous liquefaction
Frage 23
Frage
What vitamin is most critical for the photoreceptor response to light
Antworten
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A
-
B
-
C
-
E
Frage 24
Frage
In prescribing for elderly patients, what pharmacologic adjustments should be considered?
Antworten
-
Hepatic perfusion and enzymatic activity increase with age.
-
Renal function decreases with age.
-
Elderly patients have more albumin relative to weight.
-
Elderly patients have more body water relative to weight
Frage 25
Frage
What technique or strategy improves the ocular absorption of eyedrops?
Antworten
-
Rapid instillation of eyedrops one after the other without interruption
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Application of digital pressure at the lateral canthus to prevent the eyedrop from escaping
-
Keeping the eye open and rolling the eye around after instillation of each drop
-
Increasing the viscosity of the delivery vehicle
Frage 26
Frage
Atropine, 1%, has how many milligrams of drug per drop, assuming 20 drops per milliliter?
Antworten
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1 mg
-
0.5 mg
-
0.1 mg
-
0.05 mg
Frage 27
Frage
How much epinephrine is present in 1 mL of the 1:10,000 epinephrine solution?
Antworten
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1 mg of epinephrine
-
same amount of epinephrine as in 1 mL of 0.01% epinephrine
-
same amount of epinephrine as in 1 mL of 1:1000 epinephrine
-
Same amount of epinephrine as in 1 mL of 0.1% epinephrine
Frage 28
Frage
Direct-acting muscarinic agents (miotics) have what clinical effect?
Antworten
-
hyperopic shift in refraction
-
increased range of accomodation
-
central anterior chamber deepening
-
increased night vision
Frage 29
Frage
What management strategy has been shown to reduce postsurgical endophthalmitis?
Antworten
-
preoperative preparation of the eye with topical povidone-iodine
-
intracameral vancomycin
-
intracameral aminoglycosides
-
subconjunctival fluoroquinolones
Frage 30
Frage
What property of latanoprost may limit its usefulness?
Antworten
-
It is a prodrug of prostaglandin E20 .
-
It reduces intraocular pressure by increasing trabecular meshwork outflow
-
It can cause darkening ofthe iris and periocular skin and hypertrichosis ofthe eyelashes
-
It increases the number of melanocytes
Frage 31
Frage
What systemic side effect may result from treatment with oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
Antworten
-
Insomnia
-
Weight gain
-
Hyperkalemia
-
Aplastic anemia
Frage 32
Frage
What is a clinically important property of brimonidine?
Antworten
-
Brimonidine is a selective a 1-adrenergic agonist.
-
Brimonidine is more lipophilic than apraclonidine.
-
Brimonidine has been associated with tachycardia and hyperventilation when used in infants.
-
Rates of tachyphylaxis and allergic reaction are higher in brimonidine than in apraclonidine
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