3994226
Description
Flashcards by Rick Lanuza, updated more than 1 year ago
|
Created by Rick Lanuza
about 9 years ago
|
|
| Question | Answer |
| What happens with K9 corneal thickness after parturition? | After eyelid opening (2wks Post-natal): Decrease in thickness over 4 wks, then increase in thickness for 6 mos |
| What is the difference b/w Keratin and Chondroitin sulfates? | Keratin adsorbs 2-3x more water and Chondroitin retains it 8-9x better |
| Where in the cornea is the greatest [ ] of keratin sulfate? | Posterior cornea (near endo) |
| What are histopath abnormalities seen w/ SCCED's? | Dysmature epithelium Stromal inflammatory infiltrates PAS+ acellular collagen zone (Bentley, 2005) |
| What is the oxygen diffusion maximum of the retina? | 143 microns |
| Which Immunoglobulin is present in higher numbers in tears? | IgA (vs. G & M) |
| What is in tears that binds Iron? | Lactoferrin (bacteria needs iron for metabolism & growth) |
| What is the a-wave (PIII) of an ERG? | Hyperpolarization of the photoreceptors caused by light-evoked Na channel closure |
| What is the b-wave (PII) of an ERG? | Bipolar cell activity |
| What is the c-wave (PI) of an ERG? | Transiently hyperpolarized RPE apical cells and Muller cells |
| What is the i-wave and where is it located? | A positive wavelet in a light-adapted FERG that appears after the b-wave, which could be attributed to the ONH or RGC layer (inner retinal) |
| What are the 4 properties of viscoelastics? | 1.) Pseudoplasticity 2.) Viscosity 3.) Viscoelasticity 4.) Surface tension (cohesiveness/coatability) |
| How much decussation at Equine chiasm? | 85% |
| How much decussation at Dog chiasm? | 75% |
| How much decussation at Cat chiasm? | 70% (67%) |
| How quickly will an Indirect-Acting Sympathomimetic drug take effect on a central or pre-ganglionic lesion and why? | Quickly/immediately due to the release of norepinephrine in the postganglionic neurons |
| Give example of Direct-Acting Sympathomimetic drugs for lesion localization? What is the principal behind the MOA? | Epinephrine (0.001%) Phenylephrine (1% or 10%) They work via up-regulation due to hypersensitivity of the nerve. |
| Name a Direct and Indirect-Acting Parasympathomimetic drug used for lesion localization? | Direct: Pilocarpine for both pre- and post-ganglion lesions Indirect: Physostigmine only for pre-ganglion lesions |
| What must be intact for an Indirect-Acting Parasympathomimetic or Sympathomimetic drug to properly localize a lesion? | Requires an intact POST-ganglionic neuron |
| What order of Horner's syndrome causes facial and neck sweating? | 2nd order (preganglionic lesion) |
| Corneal sensitivity in order from most to least? | Cria>Human>Alpaca>Cat>Rabbit (Pigmented then Albino)>Dog (this is for measurement in mg/mm2) Cria>Dog>Cat>Diabetic Dog>Alpaca>G. Pig>Brachy Cat (this is for measurement in g/ |
| Most sensitive region of K9 cornea? | Central>Nasal>Temporal (least sensative is dorsal and ventral) p.1840 |
| What cells are responsible for oscillatory potentials (OP's) and where in the retina do they represent activity? | Amacrine cells originating in inner plexiform layer. |
| What are the two most numerous sulfates in the cornea? | Keratan and dermatan sulfates (heparan and chondroitin also present) |
| What is the difference in water properties between keratan and chondroitin? | Keratan absorbs 2-3x more water, but chondroitin retains 8-9x more water effectively |
| Location of GAG's within cornea? | Keratan: deep cornea and low numbers toward limbus Dermatan: anterior stroma and high numbers toward limbus |
| Bowman's Layer is found in what species/animals? | Human, monkey, avian, whales (pilot), dophine, giraffe, some herbivores |
| What is Psuedofacility? | the false thought process of lowering aq. humor production (ultrafiltration portion) by increasing the IOP during studies |
| What is the pathophysiology of rod-cone dysplasia type1? What breed does it affect? | mutation in beta subunit of PDE, preventing it from hydrolyzing cGMP, which results in build up of it and subsequent cell death. Irish Setters. |
| Which breed has mutations in rhodopsin, causing progressive retinal degen, which makes good human model for Retinitis Pigmentosa | English Mastiff |
| Which is the only step in the photopigment regeneration process that does NOT take place in the RPE? | Reduction of all-trans-retinal to all-trans-retinol by all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase |
| How much of the optic n. stays on the IPSILateral aspect of the following species: Horse, Dog, Cat? | 15%, 25%, 33% |
| How are Fluorescein sodiium (FS) and Indocyanine green (ICG) different? What are they used for? | Both used for angiography. FS has shorter wave length, which means better retinal cap detail. ICG has longer wave length, which means penetrates RPE/choroid so better choroidal vasc detail, but less retinal vessel detail ICG binds more to protein, leaks slowly from vessels (FS leaks fast) |
| What % is unconventional (uveoscleral) flow in canine and feline? | 15% and 3% |
| When is the retina fully formed in the dog? | 28 days post natal |
| What are the 3 current concepts behind origin and perpetuation of autoimmune disease? | 1. Molecular mimicry 2. Bystander activation 3. Epitope spreading |
Want to create your own Flashcards for free with GoConqr? Learn more.