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Embryology Midterm

Beschreibung

Relevant questions from the oldies. May not be all inclusive, just what I found. If you see any problems or anything please e-mail me at katelynmaria02@gmail.com and I will try to make corrections.
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
Fertilization typically occurs in the:
Antworten
  • ovary
  • uterus
  • ampulla of the oviduct
  • isthmus of the oviduct
  • vagina

Frage 2

Frage
The zona pellucida:
Antworten
  • is located between the oocyte and granulosa cells
  • hardens to provide a block to polyspermy
  • prevents premature (ectopic) implantation
  • all of the above
  • none of the above

Frage 3

Frage
Where in the developing embryo is the mesoderm layer absent so that there is no separation bewteen the ectoderm and endoderm layers? 1. oral plate 2. cardiac plate 3. cecal plate 4. lateral plate
Antworten
  • 1 & 2
  • 1 &3
  • 2 & 3
  • 2&4
  • 1,2,&3

Frage 4

Frage
Within the trunk of the developing embryo, paraxial mesoderm breaks up into:
Antworten
  • thin layers called the intermediate mesoderm
  • thick layers called the lateral plate
  • somitomeres consisting of somitomere components
  • somites consisting of sclerotome, dermatome, and myotome components

Frage 5

Frage
During development Meckel's cartilage is known to become a portion of the:
Antworten
  • chondrocranium
  • neurocranium
  • mandible
  • maxilla

Frage 6

Frage
The first branchial arch gives rise to:
Antworten
  • muscles of mastication
  • part of the tongue
  • nasal septum
  • muscles of facial expression
  • a & b

Frage 7

Frage
At the beginning of the blastocyst stage there is:
Antworten
  • development of a fluid filled cavity called the amnion
  • formation of an inner cell mass which becomes the trophoblast
  • formation of an outer cell mass which becomes the embryoblast
  • all of the above
  • none of the above

Frage 8

Frage
At the earliest stage of development the primitive stomadeum is bounded by the (May/ may not be relevant for this exam):
Antworten
  • maxillary and mandibular prominences
  • the frontonasal prominence and mandibular prominence
  • the frontonasal prominence and cardiac bulge
  • the median nasal prominences and mandibular process
  • the maxillary and median nasal prominences and mandibular process

Frage 9

Frage
The muscle of the gut wall is embryonically derived from:
Antworten
  • sclerotome
  • myotome
  • dermatome
  • intermediate mesoderm
  • lateral plate mesoderm

Frage 10

Frage
The mesodermal layer of the embryo:
Antworten
  • arose from ectodermal cells of the epiblast
  • forms blood vessels and most of the heart
  • forms cartilage and bone
  • all of the above
  • none of the above

Frage 11

Frage
During development the amnion and yolk sac are in temporary communication. This opening is:
Antworten
  • allantois canal
  • neurenteric canal
  • Caso's canal
  • umbilicus
  • reichert's membrane

Frage 12

Frage
Neural crest cells can form or become all of the following except:
Antworten
  • bone
  • cartilage
  • myelin
  • neurons
  • olfactory sensory cells

Frage 13

Frage
Secretions of epithelial cells of the oviduct:
Antworten
  • provide nutritional material for the conceptus
  • together with cilia establish an outward flow that inhibits bacterial migration toward the peritoneal cavity
  • produce a current that helps orient spermatozoa
  • all of the above
  • none of the above

Frage 14

Frage
Progression from the 2-cell stage to the morula is called:
Antworten
  • implantation
  • neurulation
  • cleavage
  • gastrulation
  • insemination

Frage 15

Frage
Which of the following is incorrect regarding the notochord?
Antworten
  • arises from a notochordal process which at first is a hollow tubular structure
  • is formed during gastrulation
  • arises from the primitive pit
  • divides the developing embryo into cephalic and caudal halves
  • lies along the long axis of the embryo

Frage 16

Frage
THe muscles of mastication arise from mesenchyme of the _________ branchial arch.
Antworten
  • first
  • second
  • third
  • fourth-sixth

Frage 17

Frage
In the following list of events or stages, which of event would be third: Morula, Fertilization, Graffian follicle, Hatching, Implantation?
Antworten
  • morula
  • fertilization
  • graafian follicle
  • hatching
  • implantation

Frage 18

Frage
Which of the following is a false statement?
Antworten
  • the zona pellucida is a matrix layer between the follicular epithelium and oocyte
  • a function of zona pellucida is to prevent premature implantation
  • zona pellucida encircles the morula
  • zona pellucida is surrounded by granulosa cells
  • zona pellucida is removed immediately following fertilization

Frage 19

Frage
Transport of the ovum is facilitated by:
Antworten
  • the activity of cilia in the uterine tube
  • peristalic contractions of the muscularis of the uterine tube
  • the presence of active flagella in cells of the corona radiata
  • all of the above
  • a & b

Frage 20

Frage
Meiosis is completed prior to ovulation.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 21

Frage
The syncytiotrophoblast is derived from the outer cell mass while the cytotrophoblast is derived from cells of the inner cell mass.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 22

Frage
Alveolar bone is formed from:
Antworten
  • mesenchyme derived from somites
  • epithelium from the oral ectoderm
  • mesenchyme from the primitive streak
  • mesenchyme from notochord
  • none of the above

Frage 23

Frage
The folding of the embryo causes:
Antworten
  • endoderm to be on the inside of the embryo
  • ectoderm to be on the inside of endoderm
  • endoderm to be on the outside of the mesoderm
  • mesoderm to be on the outside of the ectoderm

Frage 24

Frage
From which embryonic layer is mesoderm derived?
Antworten
  • epiblast
  • hypoblast
  • endoderm
  • neuroectoderm

Frage 25

Frage
Hatching occurs:
Antworten
  • during implantation
  • in the ampulla of the oviduct
  • prior to blastocyst formation
  • during the morula stage
  • none of the above

Frage 26

Frage
Which of the following statements concerning prenatal development is correct?
Antworten
  • most congenital malformations occur during the last prenatal week
  • maturation of existing structures occurs during the second to eighth week
  • initiation of embryonic layers occurs during the first week
  • the fetus is the structure present during embryonic period

Frage 27

Frage
The oral plate consists of:
Antworten
  • embryonic endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm
  • a circular area anterior to the notochord in which the endoderm is fused to the embryonic mesoderm
  • the cloacal membrane and the overlying amnion
  • endoderm of the roof of the yolk sac and embryonic ectoderm
  • the cardiogenic mesoderm and the neuroectoderm

Frage 28

Frage
The first brachial arch gives rise to:
Antworten
  • muscles of mastication
  • maxillary teeth
  • mandibular teeth
  • malleus
  • all of the above

Frage 29

Frage
Somites form from:
Antworten
  • ectomesenchyme
  • intermediate mesoderm
  • lateral plate mesoderm
  • paraxial mesoderm

Frage 30

Frage
Which of the following cells have migrated from the neuroectoderm and are the basis for future bone of the maxilla and mandible?
Antworten
  • sclerotome
  • trophoblast
  • mesodermal
  • neural crest
  • endodermal

Frage 31

Frage
Embryologically the muscular wall of the gut arose from the:
Antworten
  • endoderm
  • parietal lateral plate mesoderm
  • visceral lateral plate mesoderm
  • somatic myotome
  • intermediate mesoderm

Frage 32

Frage
The cells of the _______ will form the embryo proper.
Antworten
  • inner cell mass
  • cyrotrophoblast
  • outer cell mass
  • syntiotrophoblast

Frage 33

Frage
At the beginning of the third week of development a thickening of ectoderm overlying the notochord indicates the start of:
Antworten
  • cleavage
  • gastrulation
  • primitive streak stage
  • neurulation
  • somite formation

Frage 34

Frage
Prior to the formation of the primitive streak the amnion and blastocystic cavity (yolk sac) communicate via the neuroenteric canal.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 35

Frage
Regarding the early embryo, which of the following is False?
Antworten
  • the epiblast faces the amniotic cavity
  • the embryonic shield consists of 2 layers prior to the formation of the primitive streak
  • following gastrulation mesoderm fills all the space between the ectoderm and endoderm
  • the hypoblast cells are primitive endoderm

Frage 36

Frage
Which of the following is Incorrect regarding the notochord?
Antworten
  • it arises from a notochordal process which at first is a hollow tubular structure
  • it is formed during gastrulation
  • arises from the primitive node
  • it extends from the primitive pit in a caudal direction
  • divides the developing embryo into right and left halves

Frage 37

Frage
Conceptus includes: 1. extraembryonic structures derived from the zygote 2. embryonic structures derived from the zygote 3. chorion 4. syncytiotrophoblast
Antworten
  • 1
  • 1, 2, & 3
  • 1 & 3
  • all of the above
  • none of the above

Frage 38

Frage
Down syndrome is known for:
Antworten
  • trisomy of chromosome number 20
  • production of a monosomy situation
  • facial enlargement and lengthened palate
  • fissured tongue and delayed tooth eruption

Frage 39

Frage
Which of the following supports the primitive embryo and is directly derived from ectoderm alone?
Antworten
  • notochord
  • prochordal plate
  • secondary yolk sac
  • cardiac plate

Frage 40

Frage
Which of the following syndromes occurs due to failure of neural crest cells to migrate?
Antworten
  • Downs syndrome
  • Fetal alcohol syndrome
  • Asperger syndrome
  • Treacher Collins syndrome

Frage 41

Frage
The face develops in the human between:
Antworten
  • 6 and 10 days
  • 10 and 22 days
  • 12 and 22 days
  • 24 and 38 days

Frage 42

Frage
Primitive oral cavity is called?
Antworten
  • primitive choana
  • buccopharingeal membrane
  • stomatodeum
  • foregut
  • none of these

Frage 43

Frage
Proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences and regulate transfer of genetic information from DNA to mRNA are called:
Antworten
  • growth factors
  • transcription factors
  • receptors
  • messengers
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