Anatomy of Cranial Nerves: Clinical Testing

The [blank_start]intracranial[blank_end] part of the cranial nerve course is the part between the point of connection with the CNS and that nerve's respective foramen in the base of the skull.

The cranial foramina of the olfactory nerve is the [blank_start]cribriform[blank_end] plate of the [blank_start]ethmoid[blank_end] bone

Which cranial nerve is the only nerve in the body to have direct contact with the outside world?

The cranial foramina of the optic nerve is called the ...

In order to test a patient's visual acuity (optic nerve), they should be asked to read out a series of letters on a [blank_start]Snellen[blank_end] chart

Testing the optic nerve's sensitivity to colour in clinic should be achieved by using ...

Where is the connection of the Oculomotor nerve to the CNS?

The cranial foramina of the oculomotor nerve is called the [blank_start]superior orbital fissure[blank_end]

Using a light to check for pupillary constriction is testing which aspect of the oculomotor nerve?

The oculomotor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles apart from ...

Which of the following cranial nerves pass through the superior orbital fissure?

Cranial nerves III, IV & VI can all be done by asking a patient to do the 'H test', whereby they move their eye as if to draw the letter H. This tests all 6 extraocular muscles. Which extraocular muscle is associated with... The Trochlear nerve: [blank_start]Superior oblique[blank_end] The Abducens nerve: [blank_start]Lateral rectus[blank_end]

Which cranial nerves pass through the internal acoustic meatus?

The [blank_start]Vestibulocochlear[blank_end] nerve is tested clinically by means of Rinnie & Weber Tests. (give name of nerve, not number)

The spinal accessory nerve only innervates muscles of the [blank_start]investing[blank_end] fascia. This fascia comprises two muscles, the [blank_start]sternocleidomastoid[blank_end] and the [blank_start]trapezius[blank_end]. (give in alphabetical order)

In terms of the spinal accessory nerve, which clinical action would best test the functionality of the trapezius?

In terms of the spinal accessory nerve, which action would best test the functionality of the sternocleidomastoid?

The hypoglossal nerve leaves the cranial vault via the [blank_start]hypoglossal[blank_end] canal

How is the hypoglossal nerve clinically tested?

Which of the tongue muscles is not innervated by the hypoglossal nerve? [blank_start]Palatoglossus[blank_end]

Upon clinical testing of the Hypoglossal nerves, a unilateral nerve pathology would result in the tongue tip pointing towards the side of the injured nerve.

All of the Trigeminal branches have sensory fibres. Which of the three also has motor fibres?

Which Trigeminal nerve branch leaves by which cranial foramina? The Superior Orbital Fissure: [blank_start]Ophthalmic Division (CNV1)[blank_end] The Foramen Rotundum: [blank_start]Maxillary Division (CNV2)[blank_end] The Foramen Ovale: [blank_start]Mandibular Division (CNV3)[blank_end]

The motor aspect of CNV3 innervates the muscles of mastication. Label them on the diagram below (forget about the black lines)

Which of the muscles of mastication facilitates the opening of the jaw?

The motor fibres of CNV3 also innervate a muscle of the middle ear, called the [blank_start]tensor tympani[blank_end]

In terms of its cranial foramen, the facial nerve enters via the internal acoustic meatus but actually leaves the cranial vault vai the [blank_start]stylomastoid[blank_end] foramen

Which cranial nerve innervates the stapedius (smallest skeletal muscle in the body)?

Which cranial nerve can be tested by the following actions: - Raise eyebrows - Close eyes tightly - Smile - Puff out cheeks and hold air

The Glossopharyngeal nerve, Vagus nerve and Spinal Accessory nerve all leave the cranial vault via the [blank_start]jugular[blank_end] foramen

Which cranial nerve is testable by eliciting the gag reflex?

The Vagus nerve descends in the body as part of the [blank_start]carotid[blank_end] sheath.

The left recurrent laryngeal nerve curves under the [blank_start]arch of the aorta[blank_end] The right recurrent laryngeal nerve curves under the [blank_start]right subclavian artery[blank_end]

One method of testing the Vagus nerve is by asking the patient to open their mouth and say 'ahhhhh'. A normal test owuld see the uvula lift straight up in the midline. In the case of a unilateral vagus nerve insult, would the uvula move towards or away from the non-functioning side?

Which 2 of the following tests would also successfully test the functionality of the vagus nerve?

Which division of CNV is the only division to be both Sensory and Motor?

Which muscle of the inner ear is supplied by the mandibular nerve (CNV3)? [blank_start]Tensor Tympani[blank_end]

Name the four muscles of mastication in alphabetical order: [blank_start]Lateral Pterygoid[blank_end] [blank_start]Masseter[blank_end] [blank_start]Medial Pterygoid[blank_end] [blank_start]Temporalis[blank_end] Which nerve supplies all of these muscles? The [blank_start]Mandibular[blank_end] Nerve

The Corneal Reflex is Mediated by which division of the Trigeminal Nerve?

The medial meningeal artery leaves the skull via the foramen [blank_start]spinosum[blank_end]

What are the contents of the carotid sheath in alphabetical order? [blank_start]Common Carotid Artery[blank_end] [blank_start]Internal Jugular Vein[blank_end] [blank_start]Vagus Nerve[blank_end]