Neuropathology III - Raised ICP, SOL & Trauma

The normal ICP range is between 5-10mmHg. Anything over [blank_start]15[blank_end]mmHg is considered to be a high ICP

[blank_start]Hydrocephalus[blank_end] is an accumulation of excessive CSF within the ventricular system of the brain.

The normal volume of CSF is ...

As CSF travels from the 3rd to the 4th ventricle via the cerebral aqueduct, some can escape via two distinct foramen called ...

Types of Hydrocephalus: [blank_start]Communicating[blank_end] = Obstruction to CSF flow originates outside the ventricular system (e.g. subarachnoid space) [blank_start]Non-Communicating[blank_end] = Obstruction to CSF flow originates within the ventricular system

Raised ICP can cause coning of the brainstem, which leads to death due to ...

Temporal lobe uncal herniation typically leads to compression of which cranial nerve?

In children, 70% of tumours arise below which structure? In adults, approximately 70% of tumours arise above this structure.

In both children and adults, the most common type of tumour is ...

If an astrocytoma shows neovascularization, it is most likely to be a ...

Which astrocytoma is the most common brain tumour in children?

The second most common brain tumour in children after pilocytic astrocytoma is ...

Is medulloblastoma more sensitive to chemo or radiotherapy?

This patient, who suffered from headaches and fever, is likely to have suffered which condition?

Common causes of bacterial meningitis: [blank_start]E.coli[blank_end] = Neonates [blank_start]H.Influenzae[blank_end] = Infants & Children [blank_start]Neisseria Meningitidis[blank_end] = Adolescents & Young Adults [blank_start]Listeria Monocytogenes[blank_end] = Older Adults

Coup & Contracoup Brain Injuries: [blank_start]Coup[blank_end] = Occurs to the brain on the side of the impact [blank_start]Contracoup[blank_end] = Occurs to the brain on the diametrically opposite point of impact [blank_start]Contracoup[blank_end] injuries are typically the more severe injuries.

Diffuse Axonal Injury is typically caused via [blank_start]blunt[blank_end] trauma to the head. This lesions typically affect the [blank_start]central[blank_end] structures of the brain and, if they don't cause immediate death, leads to multiple clusters of [blank_start]microglial[blank_end] cells throughout the white matter weeks after injury.