Frage 1
Frage
The common vertical incision used in O&G to access the abdomen is known as a [blank_start]laparotomy[blank_end]
Frage 2
Frage
The incision for a caesarian section is typically conducted [blank_start]horizontally[blank_end] [blank_start]2cm[blank_end] above the [blank_start]pubic symphysis[blank_end]
Antworten
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pubic symphysis
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iliac crests
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2cm
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4cm
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horizontally
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vertically
Frage 3
Frage
In order to reduce scarring, surgical incisions in O&G are made in an attempt to follow the tension lines of the skin known as [blank_start]Langer[blank_end] lines
Frage 4
Frage
What are the three layers of abdominal fascia called?
Antworten
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Camper's Fascia
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Scarpa's Fascia
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Transversalis Fascia
Frage 5
Frage
Which of the three layers of abdominal fascia are found beneath the oblique musculature?
[blank_start]Transversalis[blank_end] fascia
Frage 6
Frage
Arrange the 4 groups of abdominal muscles from superficial to deep:
[blank_start]External oblique muscles[blank_end]
[blank_start]Internal oblique muscles[blank_end]
[blank_start]Rectus abdominis muscles[blank_end]
[blank_start]Transversus abdominis muscles[blank_end]
Frage 7
Frage
Which direction do the external oblique muscles run in?
Antworten
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Postero-anteriorly
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Antero-Posteriorly
Frage 8
Frage
Superiorly, the external oblique muscles attach to ribs [blank_start]5-11[blank_end]
Frage 9
Frage
The external intercostals are joined by a fibrous sheath called an aponeurosis. Name the midline section where the two aponeuroses meet and blend together.
The [blank_start]Linea Alba[blank_end]
Frage 10
Frage
As well as the linea alba, which two other structures do the external obliques attach to inferiorly?
Antworten
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Pubic tubercle
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Iliac crest
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ASIS
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Ischial spine
Frage 11
Frage
The internal obliques run in the [blank_start]antero-posterior[blank_end] direction
Antworten
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antero-posterior
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postero-anterior
Frage 12
Frage
An aponeurosis is a flattened [blank_start]tendon[blank_end]
Antworten
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tendon
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ligament
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fibrous capsule
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muscle
Frage 13
Frage
Which abdominal muscles attach to the thoracolumbar fascia found on the back of the body?
Antworten
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External obliques
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Internal obliques
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Transversus Abdominis
Frage 14
Frage
Which bony feature of the pelvis do all abdominal muscles apart from the rectus abdominis attach to?
Antworten
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Pubic Tubercle
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Iliac Crest
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ASIS
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Ischial Spine
Frage 15
Frage
The aponeurosis that exists lateral to the rectus abdominis muscles is known as the linea [blank_start]semilunaris[blank_end]
Frage 16
Frage
What is the name of the strong, fibrous layer that surrounds the rectus abdominis muscles and is made up of the combined aponeuroses of transversus abdominis, external oblique and internal oblique muscles?
[blank_start]Rectus sheath[blank_end]
Frage 17
Frage
Which line, lying halfway between the pubic crest and umbilicus, demarcates the lower part of the rectus sheath?
The [blank_start]Arcuate[blank_end] line
Frage 18
Frage
Which lateral abdominal muscle is always superficial to the rectus abdominis in the rectus sheath?
Antworten
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External Oblique
-
Internal Oblique
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Transversus Abdominis
Frage 19
Frage
Which muscle splits into anterior and posterior 'leaflets' in the rectus sheath above the acuate line?
Antworten
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External oblique
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Internal oblique
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Transversus Abdominis
Frage 20
Frage
The only notable difference above and below the arcuate line is that above the arcuate line the internal oblique is split into two leaflets, one of which is superficial and the other deep to the rectus abdominis, whereas below the arcuate line the whole internal oblique lies superficial to the rectus abdominis.
Frage 21
Frage
What is the vertebral level os the subcostal nerve?
[blank_start]T12[blank_end]
Frage 22
Frage
Blood supply to the anterolateral abdominal wall:
Anterior Abdominal Wall:
Superior & Inferior [blank_start]epigastric[blank_end] arteries
Lateral Abdominal Wall:
[blank_start]Intercostal[blank_end] and [blank_start]subcostal[blank_end] arteries (alphabetical order)
Antworten
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epigastric
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subcostal
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Intercostal
Frage 23
Frage
Blood supply to the anterior abdominal wall:
The Superior Epigastric Arteries are a continuation of the [blank_start]internal thoracic[blank_end] artery
The Inferior Epigastric Arteries are branches of the [blank_start]External Iliac[blank_end] Artery
Antworten
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External Iliac
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internal thoracic
Frage 24
Frage
What are the internal thoracic arteries and veins also known as in women?
The [blank_start]mammary[blank_end] arteries and veins
Frage 25
Frage
What is the vertebral level of the ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves that supply the anterolateral abdominal wall?
[blank_start]L1[blank_end]
Frage 26
Frage
Between which two muscles do the abdominal nerves travel?
Antworten
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External Oblique
-
Internal Oblique
-
Transversus Abdominis
Frage 27
Frage
In a Caesarean section, the rectus abdominis muscles are cut in order to reach the uterus.
Frage 28
Frage
Which structure is found halfway between ASIS and pubic tubercle, and is the emerging point for the inferior epigastric artery into the abdomen?
[blank_start]Deep inguinal ring[blank_end]
Frage 29
Frage
What triangle is formed from the lateral border of rectus sheath medially, the inguinal ligament inferiorly and the inferior epigastric artery laterally?
The [blank_start]Inguinal[blank_end] Triangle
Frage 30
Frage
Direct vs Indirect Hernias:
First, reduce the hernia and put pressure on the deep inguinal ring (halfway between ASIS and pubic tubercle). Following this ask the patient to cough.
If it pops out upon coughing, it's [blank_start]a direct[blank_end] inguinal hernia (through rectus muscle)
If it doesn't pop out upon coughing, it's [blank_start]an indirect[blank_end] inguinal hernia (it passes through the deep inguinal ring, which you're blocking)
Antworten
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a direct
-
an indirect
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an indirect
-
a direct
Frage 31
Frage
Direct inguinal hernias occur [blank_start]medially[blank_end] to the inferior epigastric artery.
Indirect inguinal hernias occur [blank_start]laterally[blank_end] to the inferior epigastric artery.
Antworten
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laterally
-
medially
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medially
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laterally
Frage 32
Frage
The incision used to conduct a hysterectomy is the same that is used to conduct a caesarean section