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Paediatric Dentistry PMU-Part I (units 1-4)

Beschreibung

Unit 1.Ontogenesis of Maxillofacial Region. Unit 2.Ontogenetic Development of Tooth Germ- Elements and Stages. Unit 3.Histogenesis, Morphology and Physiology of Tooth Enamel. Unit 4.Histogenesis, Morphology and Physiology of Tooth Dentin.
Gilles Paling
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
The three parts of the human embryo are pars cranialis, pars umbilicalis and pars caudalis.
Antworten
  • Yes
  • No

Frage 2

Frage
The yolk sac is connected to the middle portion of the enteron of an embryo by ductus vitellinus.
Antworten
  • Yes
  • No

Frage 3

Frage
The first pharyngeal arch, also called mandibular arch, forms the thyroid cartilage.
Antworten
  • Yes
  • No

Frage 4

Frage
Fourth and fifth pharyngeal arches fuse to form a portion of mesopharynx.
Antworten
  • Yes
  • No

Frage 5

Frage
The ossification of the mandible starts in the region of the bifurcation of mental and incisive branches of n. alveolaris inferior through the process of metaplasia in embryonic bone.
Antworten
  • Yes
  • No

Frage 6

Frage
The initial stages of fetal development of the human embryo are: 1. [blank_start]Zygote[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]Morula[blank_end] 3. [blank_start]Blastula[blank_end] 4. [blank_start]Gastrula[blank_end]
Antworten
  • Zygote
  • Morula
  • Blastula
  • Gastrula

Frage 7

Frage
Write a definition for each of the following terms: 1. Buccopharangeal membrane: A [blank_start]bilaminar[blank_end] /ectoderm and endoderm/ [blank_start]membrane[blank_end] that lies at the [blank_start]caudal limit of the stomodeum[blank_end]. 2. Pharangeal arch: [blank_start]Thickening of the mesenchyme[blank_end]. 3. Metaplasia in embryonic bone: The process of [blank_start]transformation[blank_end] of the [blank_start]primary mesenchymal cells[blank_end] into [blank_start]connective tissue.[blank_end]
Antworten
  • bilaminar
  • membrane
  • caudal limit of the stomodeum
  • Thickening of the mesenchyme
  • transformation
  • primary mesenchymal cells
  • connective tissue.

Frage 8

Frage
The primitive mouth /stomodeum/ is formed:
Antworten
  • At the end of the first month of embryonic life
  • At the end of the third month of embryonic life
  • During the third month of embryonic life
  • During the fifth month of embryonic life

Frage 9

Frage
The development of the maxillofacial region of an embryo is observed at the end of the:
Antworten
  • Second week of embryonic life
  • Fourth week of embryonic life
  • Third week of embryonic life
  • Fifth week of embryonic life

Frage 10

Frage
Stomodeum is:
Antworten
  • The enteron of an embryo
  • Mesoderm
  • The oral pit
  • Ectoderm

Frage 11

Frage
The enteron of an embryo consists of:
Antworten
  • a) Ectoderm
  • b) Endoderm
  • c) Mesoderm
  • a + b + c

Frage 12

Frage
The development of the pharyngeal grooves and arches is observed at the beginning of the:
Antworten
  • First week of embryonic life
  • Second week of embryonic life
  • Third week of embryonic life
  • Fourth week of embryonic life

Frage 13

Frage
The first pharyngeal arch gives rise to the:
Antworten
  • Thyroid cartilage
  • Floor of the mouth, larynx, pharynx
  • Salivary glands, tongue, muscles of mastication
  • Mandible, part of maxilla

Frage 14

Frage
The second pharyngeal arch gives rise to the:
Antworten
  • Hyoid bone, apex and dorsum of the tongue
  • Lower jaw
  • Thyroid cartilage

Frage 15

Frage
The third pharyngeal arch gives rise to the:
Antworten
  • Hyoid bone
  • Thyroid cartilage, root of the tongue
  • Floor of the mouth, larynx, pharynx
  • Muscles of mastication

Frage 16

Frage
The tongue starts to develop during the:
Antworten
  • First month of embryonic life
  • Second month of embryonic life
  • Third month of embryonic life
  • Fourth month of embryonic life

Frage 17

Frage
The floor of the mouth is derived from:
Antworten
  • First, second and third pharyngeal arches
  • First pharyngeal arch
  • First, second, third and fourth pharyngeal arches
  • Second and third pharyngeal arches

Frage 18

Frage
The hyoid bone is derived from the:
Antworten
  • First pharyngeal arch
  • Second pharyngeal arch
  • Third pharyngeal arch
  • Fourth pharyngeal arch

Frage 19

Frage
The thyroid cartilage is derived from the:
Antworten
  • First pharyngeal arch
  • Second pharyngeal arch
  • Third pharyngeal arch
  • Fourth pharyngeal arch

Frage 20

Frage
The maxilla is derived from the: 1.Fifth pharyngeal arch 2.Second pharyngeal arch 3. Two maxillary processes 4. Third pharyngeal arch 5. Frontonasal process
Antworten
  • 3,5
  • 1,2,3
  • 3,4,5
  • 2,3,5

Frage 21

Frage
The statement about the cleft lip that is correct is:
Antworten
  • A defect due to the failure of the fusion of the maxillary and lateral nasal processes
  • A defect due to the failure of the fusion of the maxillary and medial nasal processes
  • A defect due to the failure of fusion of the palatine processes

Frage 22

Frage
Fill in the gaps of column A using the numbers of column B, to make the statement correct: Column A a) Ectoderm: [blank_start]3[blank_end] b) Endoderm: [blank_start]1[blank_end] c) Mesoderm: [blank_start]2[blank_end] Column B 1. Inner layer 2. Middle layer 3. Outer layer
Antworten
  • 3
  • 1
  • 2

Frage 23

Frage
The initial stage of foetal development of an embryo, characterised by fast cell division at a geometric progression, producing a cluster of cells, is called a [blank_start]morula[blank_end].
Antworten
  • morula

Frage 24

Frage
The cleft palate is a defect that permits open communication between [blank_start]nasal and oral cavities[blank_end].
Antworten
  • nasal and oral cavities

Frage 25

Frage
The tongue is derived from the: 1. first pharyngeal arch 2. second pharyngeal arch 3. third pharyngeal arch 4. fourth pharyngeal arch
Antworten
  • 1,2,3
  • 1,2
  • 2,3,4
  • 1,3,4

Frage 26

Frage
Which of the following statements are correct?
Antworten
  • The frontal process divides into medial and frontal parts.
  • The medial portion of the frontal process forms the olfactory pits and nasal processes.
  • The lateral portion of the frontal process forms the nasal septum and primary palate.
  • The maxillary process fuse with the medial frontonasal process and form the middle part of the maxilla- the philtrum.
  • The development of secondary palate is characterised by the formation of two palatal shelves on the maxillary processes and fusion with the primary palate.
  • The development of the maxillofacial region of the mebryo occurs in pars caudalis.
  • The pharangeal grooves are invaginations of the ectoderm.
  • The buccopharyngeal membrane ruptures, thus establishing the communication between the stomodeum and the primitive digestive tract.
  • The cleft palate is due to the failure of fusion of the palatine processes.

Frage 27

Frage
The primitive oral pit /stomodeum/ participates in the formation of the nasal and oral cavities.
Antworten
  • Yes
  • No

Frage 28

Frage
Sacculus dentis gives rise to cementum, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone.
Antworten
  • Yes
  • No

Frage 29

Frage
Stellate reticulum consists of tight aggregation of cells with large nucleus and long processes.
Antworten
  • Yes
  • No

Frage 30

Frage
Stratum intermedium consists of one layer of star shaped cells.
Antworten
  • Yes
  • No

Frage 31

Frage
Papilla dentis is ectodermal in origin.
Antworten
  • Yes
  • No

Frage 32

Frage
Sacculus dentis is a concentric layer of connective tissue in which the enamel organ and dental papilla are embedded.
Antworten
  • Yes
  • No

Frage 33

Frage
Fill in the gaps with the appropriate terms, to make the statements correct. The three stages of tooth development are: 1. [blank_start]Bud stage[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]Differentiation[blank_end] of the [blank_start]elements[blank_end] of the [blank_start]tooth germ[blank_end] a) [blank_start]Cap stage[blank_end] b) [blank_start]Bell stage[blank_end] 3. [blank_start]Histogenesis[blank_end] and [blank_start]Morphodifferentiation[blank_end] of the dental tissues.
Antworten
  • Bud stage
  • Differentiation
  • elements
  • tooth germ
  • Cap stage
  • Bell stage
  • Histogenesis
  • Morphodifferentiation

Frage 34

Frage
Papilla dentis differentiates into: a) [blank_start]Dentin[blank_end] b)[blank_start]Pulp[blank_end]
Antworten
  • Dentin
  • Pulp

Frage 35

Frage
A. A concentric layer of connective tissue, in which the enamel organ and dental papilla are embedded, is called [blank_start]dental follicle[blank_end]. B.The enamel organ functions in the formation of the [blank_start]crown of the tooth[blank_end]. C.The alveolar bone develops from the [blank_start]outer layer[blank_end] of sacculus dentis. D.The [blank_start]cementum[blank_end] and periodontium develop from the sacculus dentis.
Antworten
  • dental follicle
  • dental pulp
  • crown of the tooth
  • root
  • outer layer
  • inner layer
  • cementum
  • enamel

Frage 36

Frage
Vestibular proliferation of the primary epithelial band leads to the formation of [blank_start]lamina vestibularis[blank_end].
Antworten
  • lamina vestibularis

Frage 37

Frage
Lamina dentis develops as a result of the proliferation of the [blank_start]primary epithelial band[blank_end].
Antworten
  • primary epithelial band

Frage 38

Frage
Lamina dentis develops as a result of:
Antworten
  • division of the primary epithelial band
  • proliferation of the lamina vestibularis
  • proliferation of the primary epithelial band
  • the basal layer of epithelium

Frage 39

Frage
The coat of ectodermal cells of the primitive oral pit consists of:
Antworten
  • one layer of cells
  • two layers of cells
  • three layers of cells
  • multilayered epithelium

Frage 40

Frage
The primary tooth germs form within lamina dentis during the:
Antworten
  • 2nd-7th week of embryonic life
  • 10th-20th week of embryonic life
  • 7th-10th week of embryonic life
  • 20th-30th week of embryonic life

Frage 41

Frage
The germs of the permanent molars arise from:
Antworten
  • The distal extension of the dental lamina
  • The vestibular lamina
  • The primary epithelial band

Frage 42

Frage
The statement about the bud stage that is incorrect is:
Antworten
  • The epithelial cells proliferate in the mesenchyme to form a tooth bud.
  • The cellular aggregation gives rise to the enamel organ.
  • The tooth bud consists of differentiated cells.

Frage 43

Frage
During the bell stage the dental organ:
Antworten
  • a) Is composed of ectoderm
  • b) Is composed of mesenchyme
  • c) Develops from the lamina vestibularis
  • a+b+c

Frage 44

Frage
The tooth bud itself is a group of:
Antworten
  • Undifferentiated epithelial cells
  • differentiated epithelial cells
  • Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
  • Fibroblasts

Frage 45

Frage
Sacculus dentis gives rise to:
Antworten
  • Dentin
  • Enamel
  • Cementum
  • Pulp

Frage 46

Frage
During the bell stage the inner enamel epithelium is responsible for:
Antworten
  • Enamel formation
  • Dentin formation
  • Transport of nutrients
  • Determination of shape and size of the enamel.

Frage 47

Frage
Hertwig's epithelial rooth sheath initiates the formation of:
Antworten
  • The crown of the tooth
  • The root of the tooth

Frage 48

Frage
The statement about the epithelial cell rests of Malassez that is correct is:
Antworten
  • Connective tissue, located around the tooth germ.
  • Fibrous capsule formed around the dental organ during the bell stage.
  • Discrete clusters of residual cells Hertwig's root sheath.
  • Mesenchymal cells that are located under the enamel organ

Frage 49

Frage
Stellate reticulum is located:
Antworten
  • Under stratum intermedium
  • Under the outer enamel epithelium
  • Under the inner enamel epithelium
  • Under the dental follicle

Frage 50

Frage
Papilla dentis differentiates into: 1. Enamel. 2. Dentin. 3. Cementum. 4.Dental pulp.
Antworten
  • 1,2
  • 3,4
  • 1,4
  • 2,4

Frage 51

Frage
Stratum intermedium of enamel organ during the bell stage is located between: 1. The inner enamel epithelium. 2. The outer enamel epithelium. 3. Stellate reticulum.
Antworten
  • 1,2
  • 2,3
  • 1,3

Frage 52

Frage
Functions of the stratum intermedium are: 1. Metabolic. 2. Germinative. 3. Maintenance of the shape of the enamel organ. 4. Ensures space for the developing crown.
Antworten
  • 1,2,4
  • 1,2
  • 2,3,4
  • 3,4

Frage 53

Frage
The right combination of statements about the inner enamel epithelium is: 1. Its cells are located directly above the basement membrane that separates them from the connective tissue of dental papilla. 2. It consists of cylindrical cells that have the potential to differentiate into ameloblasts. 3. It consists of star-shaped cells. 4. Its cells possess a large nucleus. 5. It consists of several layers of compactly arranged flat cells.
Antworten
  • 1,2,4
  • 2,3,4
  • 3,4,5
  • 1,2,3

Frage 54

Frage
The right combination of statements about the dental papilla is: 1. It is located in the deeply invaginated concave side of the dental organ during the bell stage. 2. It is a formation of epithelial tissues. 3. It is mesenchymal in origin. 4. Its peripheral cells differentiate into odontoblasts.
Antworten
  • 1,3,4
  • 2,3,4
  • 1,2,3,4
  • 3,4

Frage 55

Frage
The right combination of statements about Hertwig's epithelial rooth sheath is: 1. It is derived from the internal and external enamel epithelium of the enamel organ. 2. It participates in the root formation of the tooth. 3. It is a proliferation of epithelial cells. 4. It is mesenchymal in origin.
Antworten
  • 1,2,3
  • 2,3
  • 1,2,3,4
  • 1,3,4

Frage 56

Frage
Which of the following statements are correct?
Antworten
  • The initial stage of tooth development is characterised by the aggregation of undifferentiated epithelial cells in the mesenchyme and the appearance of the tooth bud.
  • Dental follicles are derived from the mesenchymal connective tissue surrounding the enamel organ.
  • Stellate reticulum is located under outer enamel epithelium and consists of 2-3 layers of cells with large nucleus and long protoplasmic processes which communicate with each other.
  • Lamina dentis is formed as a result of the proliferation of the primary epithelial band.

Frage 57

Frage
Match the layers of the enamel organ during the bell stage with their characteristics: A. Outer enamel epithelium: [blank_start]2[blank_end],[blank_start]5[blank_end] B. Stellate reticulum: [blank_start]1[blank_end],[blank_start]6[blank_end],[blank_start]7[blank_end],[blank_start]8[blank_end] C. Stratum intermedium: [blank_start]3[blank_end],[blank_start]7[blank_end],[blank_start]8[blank_end] D. Inner enamel epithelium: [blank_start]4[blank_end] 1. Star shaped cells 2. Short cuboidal cells 3. Compactly arranged flat cells 4. Cylindrical cells with a large nucleus 5. Cells with a low protein synthesis activity 6. It acts as a buffer zone in the enamel layer 7. It provides nutrient supply 8. It is a germinative layer
Antworten
  • 2
  • 5
  • 1
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8
  • 3
  • 7
  • 8
  • 4

Frage 58

Frage
Match the layers from the first column that best relate to the items listed in the second column: A. Stomodeum: [blank_start]3[blank_end] B. Guberculum dentis: [blank_start]4[blank_end] C. Sacculus dentis: [blank_start]1[blank_end] D. Hertwig's rooth sheath: [blank_start]2[blank_end] 1. A concentric layer of connective tissue in which the enamel organ and dental papilla are embedded. 2. It is derived from the internal and external enamel epithelium of the enamel organ. 3. Primitive oral pit. 4. A band that connects the gingival lamina propria and the perifollicular tissue of the developing tooth. 5. Cells with a low protein synthesis activity 6. It acts as a buffer zone in the enamel layer 7. It provides nutrient supply 8. It is a germinative layer
Antworten
  • 3
  • 4
  • 1
  • 2

Frage 59

Frage
In which couple of words is there no semantic context?
Antworten
  • Proliferation- Cap stage
  • Mesenchyme- Papilla dentis
  • Stellate reticulum- Epithelial cell rests of Malassez
  • Inner enamel epithelium- Ameloblasts

Frage 60

Frage
The four layers of the enamel organ during the bell stage are: A) [blank_start]Outer enamel epithelium[blank_end] B) [blank_start]Stellate reticulum[blank_end] C) [blank_start]Stratum intermedium[blank_end] D) [blank_start]Inner enamel epithelium[blank_end]
Antworten
  • Outer enamel epithelium
  • Stellate reticulum
  • Stratum intermedium
  • Inner enamel epithelium

Frage 61

Frage
Enamel is ectodermal in origin.
Antworten
  • Yes
  • No

Frage 62

Frage
Odontoblasts are cells, present only during the tooth development, that deposit tooth enamel.
Antworten
  • Yes
  • No

Frage 63

Frage
In the bell stage the "enamel pulp" consists of stellate reticulum and stratum intermedium and acts as a metabolic environment during the enamel formation.
Antworten
  • Yes
  • No

Frage 64

Frage
The enamel maturation is characterised only by crystal growth.
Antworten
  • Yes
  • No

Frage 65

Frage
Mature enamel consists of 70% inorganic materials, 20% organic materials and 10% water.
Antworten
  • Yes
  • No

Frage 66

Frage
The basic morphological unit of enamel is the enamel rod.
Antworten
  • Yes
  • No

Frage 67

Frage
The enamel rods are composed of apatite crystals.
Antworten
  • Yes
  • No

Frage 68

Frage
Enamel contains a large amount of organic materials.
Antworten
  • Yes
  • No

Frage 69

Frage
The rod sheaths and interrod regions of enamel contain more organic material than the enamel rods.
Antworten
  • Yes
  • No

Frage 70

Frage
After their modification in the Golgi apparatus, the proteins are packaged into secretory granules, called "ameloblastic bodies".
Antworten
  • Yes
  • No

Frage 71

Frage
The enamel lamellae are a type of:
Antworten
  • Hypomineralised structure in teeth
  • Hypermineralised structure in teeth

Frage 72

Frage
Hunter and Schreger bands:
Antworten
  • Are optical phenomenon
  • Represent the circadian rhythm of the enamel growth
  • Represent the S-shaped curve of the course of the enamel rods

Frage 73

Frage
Fill in the gaps with the appropriate terms, to make the statements correct. Functions of enamel organ are: 1. [blank_start]Formation[blank_end] of [blank_start]enamel[blank_end] matrix. 2. [blank_start]Mineralisation[blank_end] and [blank_start]maturation[blank_end] of enamel matrix. 3. Determines [blank_start]size[blank_end] and [blank_start]shape[blank_end] of [blank_start]crown[blank_end]. 4. Stimulates [blank_start]differentiation[blank_end] of [blank_start]messenchyme[blank_end] into [blank_start]odontoblasts[blank_end]. 5. Formation of [blank_start]root[blank_end]. 6. [blank_start]Protection[blank_end].
Antworten
  • Formation
  • enamel
  • Mineralisation
  • maturation
  • size
  • shape
  • crown
  • differentiation
  • mesenchyme
  • odontoblasts
  • root
  • Protection

Frage 74

Frage
The stages of amelogenesis are: 1. [blank_start]Formation of enamel matrix[blank_end]. 2. [blank_start]Mineralisation of enamel matrix[blank_end].
Antworten
  • Formation of enamel matrix
  • Mineralisation of enamel matrix

Frage 75

Frage
The two types of ameloblasts during amelogenesis are: 1. [blank_start]Tall secretory cells[blank_end]. 2. [blank_start]Short absorptive cells[blank_end].
Antworten
  • Tall secretory cells
  • Short absorptive cells

Frage 76

Frage
The organic material of enamel is: a [blank_start]glycoprotein[blank_end] [blank_start]complex[blank_end] of [blank_start]acid[blank_end] [blank_start]soluble[blank_end]/[blank_start]insoluble[blank_end] [blank_start]fractions[blank_end].
Antworten
  • glycoprotein
  • complex
  • acid
  • soluble
  • insoluble
  • fractions

Frage 77

Frage
Describe the features of the enamel of newly formed teeth: 1. [blank_start]Large[blank_end] [blank_start]amount[blank_end] of [blank_start]organic[blank_end] [blank_start]material[blank_end]. 2. [blank_start]Extensive[blank_end] [blank_start]rod[blank_end] [blank_start]sheaths[blank_end]. 3. [blank_start]Well[blank_end] [blank_start]defined[blank_end] [blank_start]interrod[blank_end] [blank_start]regions[blank_end] in [blank_start]enamel[blank_end]. 4. [blank_start]Small[blank_end] [blank_start]apatite[blank_end] [blank_start]crystals[blank_end] 5. [blank_start]High[blank_end] [blank_start]exchange[blank_end] [blank_start]rate[blank_end].
Antworten
  • Large
  • amount
  • organic
  • material
  • Extensive
  • rod
  • sheaths
  • Well
  • defined
  • interrod
  • regions
  • enamel
  • Small
  • apatite
  • crystals
  • High
  • exchange
  • rate

Frage 78

Frage
Before the tooth eruption the exchange in enamel is from [blank_start]dental papilla[blank_end] and [blank_start]dental follicle[blank_end] ; after tooth eruption- the exchange direction is from [blank_start]the saliva[blank_end].
Antworten
  • dental papilla
  • dental follicle
  • the saliva

Frage 79

Frage
The exchange rate in the hydroxyapatite crystal depends on the: 1. [blank_start]Crystal[blank_end] [blank_start]size[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]Thickness[blank_end] of [blank_start]hydration layer[blank_end] 3. [blank_start]Size[blank_end] and [blank_start]electrical charge[blank_end] of the [blank_start]microspaces[blank_end]
Antworten
  • Crystal
  • size
  • Thickness
  • hydration layer
  • Size
  • electrical charge
  • microspaces

Frage 80

Frage
The stages of the ionic exchange in the hydroxyapatite crystal of the enamel are: 1. The [blank_start]Ions[blank_end] diffuse into the [blank_start]superficial[blank_end] [blank_start]hydration[blank_end] [blank_start]layer[blank_end]. 2. The [blank_start]ions[blank_end] diffuse into the [blank_start]subsurface[blank_end] [blank_start]layer[blank_end] of [blank_start]absorbed[blank_end] [blank_start]ions[blank_end] and [blank_start]neutralise[blank_end] their [blank_start]charges[blank_end]. 3. The ions diffuse and [blank_start]displace[blank_end] [blank_start]ions[blank_end] in the layer and are [blank_start]incorporated[blank_end] into [blank_start]surface[blank_end] of the [blank_start]crystal[blank_end]. 4. The ions diffuse into the [blank_start]core[blank_end] of the [blank_start]crystal[blank_end] [blank_start]lattice[blank_end] in an [blank_start]irreversible[blank_end] [blank_start]process[blank_end].
Antworten
  • Ions
  • superficial
  • hydration
  • layer
  • ions
  • subsurface
  • layer
  • absorbed
  • ions
  • neutralise
  • charges
  • displace
  • ions
  • incorporated
  • surface
  • crystal
  • core
  • crystal
  • lattice
  • irreversible
  • process

Frage 81

Frage
The ionic exchange in the enamel causes [blank_start]quantitative[blank_end] and [blank_start]qualitative[blank_end] changes.
Antworten
  • quantitative
  • qualitative

Frage 82

Frage
Which are the growth lines in enamel with the following features? 1. Perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the rods 2. Parallel to the dentino-enamel junction 3. Represent the circadian rhythm of the enamel growth [blank_start]Cross striations[blank_end]
Antworten
  • Cross striations

Frage 83

Frage
Which are the growth lines in enamel with the following features? A. Perpendicular to the long axis of the rods B. Parallel to the dentino-enamel junction C. Represent the disturbed enamel mineralisation [blank_start]Striae of Retzius[blank_end]
Antworten
  • Striae of Retzius

Frage 84

Frage
An exaggerated Striae of Retzius seen in histological section of all primary teeth and first permanent molars, is called [blank_start]neonatal lines[blank_end].
Antworten
  • neonatal lines

Frage 85

Frage
The boundary between enamel and dentin, which is less a mineralised zone, is called [blank_start]dentinoenamel junction[blank_end].
Antworten
  • dentinoenamel junction

Frage 86

Frage
Immediately after the eruption enamel is covered by a specific organic film that is called [blank_start]cuticula dentis[blank_end].
Antworten
  • cuticula dentis

Frage 87

Frage
The hydroxyapatite crystal is covered by the double layer of Helmoltz which is composed of [blank_start]tightly bound water[blank_end].
Antworten
  • tightly bound water

Frage 88

Frage
The statement about the enamel that is incorrect is:
Antworten
  • It develops from the dental papilla.
  • It has similar hardness to diamond.
  • It is the hardest dental tissue.

Frage 89

Frage
In the enamel matrix formation participate:
Antworten
  • Odontoblasts
  • Ameloblasts
  • Fibroblasts

Frage 90

Frage
The least amount of organic material in enamel is concentrated in the:
Antworten
  • Interrod regions
  • Enamel rods
  • Intercrystal spaces
  • Rod sheaths

Frage 91

Frage
The right combination of statements about the secretory ameloblasts is: 1. The cell nucleus decreases in size 2. The cell nucleus increases in size and moves to the opposite end towards the stratum intermedium. 3. The endoplasmic reticulum is well developed. 4. The endoplasmic reticulum is not well developed. 5. There is a large number of mitochondria, RNA-granules, ribosomes in the cell. 6. The histochemical analysis detects a large amount of enzymes. 7. Golgi apparatus moves towards the dental papilla.
Antworten
  • 1,2,4,6
  • 2,3,5,6,7
  • 1,4,5,6
  • 1,3,5,6

Frage 92

Frage
The right combination of statements about the surface aprismatic enamel is: 1. The crystals are perpendicular to the enamel surface. 2. The enamel rods are compactly arranged. 3. This layer does not contain enamel rods. 4. It contains large amounts of minerals. 5. It contains large amounts of water and calcium carbonate. 6. This layer is more resistant than the underlying ones.
Antworten
  • 1,2,4,6
  • 2,4,5
  • 1,3,4,6
  • 3,4,5

Frage 93

Frage
The formation of enamel matrix does not include the:
Antworten
  • Organising stage of the secretory ameloblasts.
  • Development of Tomes' process
  • Crystal nucleation
  • Formation of a walled pit in which resides the distal portion of Tomes' process
  • Deposition of enamel matrix inside of each pit

Frage 94

Frage
The statement about the initial mineralisation of the enamel matrix that are incorrect are:
Antworten
  • The crystal nucleation is the initial deposition process of microelements in the organic matrix.
  • The ameloblasts are short and become more active in absorption.
  • The ameloblasts are short and active secretory cells.
  • The tall ameloblasts remove the organic material and water from the enamel ensuring the penetration of mineral salts.
  • The ameloblasts are short and remove the organic material and water from the enamel ensuring the penetration of mineral salts.

Frage 95

Frage
In the exam write down the answer with "yes" or "no".
Antworten
  • The mineralisation of enamel closely follows the secretion of the organic matrix follows the secretion of the organic matrix.
  • In enamel there is a linear mode of mineralisation.
  • The enamel mineralisations start in the centre of the enamel rods.
  • The Phosphate theory is based on epitaxy- a mechanism of enamel mineralisation.

Frage 96

Frage
In the exam write down the answer with "yes" or "no".
Antworten
  • The surface aprismatic enamel is a hypomineralised area.
  • The tightly bound water forms the hydration layer around the apatite crystal.
  • The loosely bound water is located in the spaces between the crystals.

Frage 97

Frage
In the exam write down the answer with "yes" or "no".
Antworten
  • The deposition of matrix inside of each walled pit, in which resides the distal portion of Tomes' process, is a stage in formation of the enamel matrix.
  • The Tomes' process contains ameloblastic bodies.
  • Enamel undergoes entirely post-eruptive maturation.

Frage 98

Frage
The enamel maturation causes quality and quantity changes. 1. A reduction of the organic material and loosely bound water 2. An increase of the mineral content by a crystal growth 3. The amelogenins disappear totally during the maturation of the enamel. 4. The ionic exchange increases the resistance of the enamel. 5. The hydroxide ions in hydroxyapatite are replaced by flouride ions. A. Quality changes: [blank_start]3[blank_end],[blank_start]4[blank_end],[blank_start]5[blank_end] B. Quantity changes: [blank_start]1[blank_end],[blank_start]2[blank_end],[blank_start]3[blank_end]
Antworten
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3

Frage 99

Frage
Dentin is mesenchymal in origin.
Antworten
  • Yes
  • No

Frage 100

Frage
Dentinogenesis is performed by ameloblasts.
Antworten
  • Yes
  • No

Frage 101

Frage
The dentin matrix as a secretory product of cells consists of fibres and amorphous substance.
Antworten
  • Yes
  • No

Frage 102

Frage
The mineralisation of mature dentin matrix is linear and globular.
Antworten
  • Yes
  • No

Frage 103

Frage
Dentin consists of 70% organic materials, 20% organic materials and 10% water.
Antworten
  • Yes
  • No

Frage 104

Frage
The organic component of the circumpulpal dentin consists mainly of alpha fibres.
Antworten
  • Yes
  • No

Frage 105

Frage
The intertubular dentin constitutes the main part of the dentin mass.
Antworten
  • Yes
  • No

Frage 106

Frage
The mantle dentin is formed by ameloblasts and fibroblasts.
Antworten
  • Yes
  • No

Frage 107

Frage
The predentin is an unmineralised matrix of dentin at the pulpal border of the dentin.
Antworten
  • Yes
  • No

Frage 108

Frage
Dentin is covered by [blank_start]enamel[blank_end] on the crown and by [blank_start]cementum[blank_end] on the root, and it surrounds [blank_start]pulp[blank_end], located at the centre of the tooth.
Antworten
  • enamel
  • cementum
  • pulp

Frage 109

Frage
The two stages of dentinogenesis are: 1. [blank_start]Formation of matrix[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]Mineralisation of matrix[blank_end]
Antworten
  • Formation of matrix
  • Mineralisation of matrix

Frage 110

Frage
The interglobular dentin can be formed as a result of: 1. [blank_start]Metabolic disorders[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]Avitaminosis[blank_end] 3. [blank_start]Acute[blank_end] and [blank_start]chronic[blank_end] [blank_start]disease[blank_end] during [blank_start]dentin mineralisation[blank_end].
Antworten
  • Metabolic disorders
  • Avitaminosis
  • Acute
  • chronic
  • disease
  • dentin mineralisation

Frage 111

Frage
The [blank_start]fibrils[blank_end] of dentin matrix are synthesised during fibrillogenesis.
Antworten
  • fibrils

Frage 112

Frage
The morphological units of dentin are: 1. [blank_start]Dentinal tubules[blank_end] and [blank_start]peritubular dentin[blank_end]. 2. [blank_start]intertubular dentin[blank_end].
Antworten
  • Dentinal tubules
  • peritubular dentin
  • intertubular dentin

Frage 113

Frage
The three layers of dentin are: 1. [blank_start]Mantle dentin[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]Circumpulpal dentin[blank_end] 3. [blank_start]Predentin[blank_end]
Antworten
  • Mantle dentin
  • Circumpulpal dentin
  • Predentin

Frage 114

Frage
The cells that secrete alpha fibres of dentin are called:
Antworten
  • Fibroblasts
  • Odontoblasts
  • Ameloblasts

Frage 115

Frage
The cells that secrete the beta fibres of dentin are called:
Antworten
  • Fibroblasts
  • Odontoblasts
  • Ameloblasts

Frage 116

Frage
A granular-appearing layer of dentin, underlying the cementum that covers the root is called [blank_start]granular layer of Tomes[blank_end].
Antworten
  • granular layer of Tomes

Frage 117

Frage
The statement about dentin that is incorrect is:
Antworten
  • It develops from the dental papilla
  • Bone and dentin are mineralised tissues that are similar in their structure and degree of mineralisation.
  • It is harder than enamel.

Frage 118

Frage
In the formation of the primary dentin matrix participate:
Antworten
  • Odontoblasts
  • Ameloblasts
  • Fibroblasts

Frage 119

Frage
The inorganic component of dentin consists of:
Antworten
  • Apatite crystals
  • Phosphoproteins
  • Amorphous material (MgCO3, CaCO3)
  • Lipids
  • Microelements
  • Water

Frage 120

Frage
The organic components of dentin are concentrated in the:
Antworten
  • Intertubular dentin
  • Apatite crystals
  • Peritubular dentin
  • Odontoblast processes

Frage 121

Frage
The right combination about the secretory odontoblasts is: 1. The cell nucleus decreases in size. 2. The cell nucleus increases in size. 3. The endoplasmic reticulum is well developed. 4. The endoplasmic reticulum is not well developed. 5. There is a large number of mitochondria, RNA-granules, ribosomes in the cell. 6. The histochemical analysis detects a large amount of enzymes. 7. Golgi apparatus moves pulpally.
Antworten
  • 1,2,4,6
  • 2,3,5,6,7
  • 1,4,5,6
  • 1,3,5,6

Frage 122

Frage
The statement about the dentinal tubules that is incorrect is:
Antworten
  • They radiate outward through the dentin from pulp to enamel border.
  • They run parallel to the pulp cavity.
  • They follow an "S" shaped course with primary and secondary curvatures.
  • The odontoblasts line the periphery of the pulp chamber, while their processes extend into the dentinal tubules.

Frage 123

Frage
The basic morphological units are the:
Antworten
  • Dentinal tubules
  • Rods
  • Fibrils

Frage 124

Frage
Which type of dentin is more mineralised than the other types of dentin?
Antworten
  • Intertubular dentin
  • Peritubular dentin
  • Circumpulpal dentin
  • Secondary dentin

Frage 125

Frage
The statement about intertubular dentin that is incorrect is:
Antworten
  • It is located between dentinal tubules.
  • It is deposited around each odontoblast process.
  • The organic matrix mainly consists of collagen fibres embedded in an amorphous substance.

Frage 126

Frage
The deposition of secondary dentin is:
Antworten
  • Below the mantle dentin
  • On the walls of the pulp chamber
  • In the predentin layer of dentin

Frage 127

Frage
Granular layer of Tomes in dentin is said to be because of:
Antworten
  • Coalescing and looping of the terminal portion of the dentinal tubules in the tooth root.
  • Avitaminosis C
  • Disturbed calcium exchange

Frage 128

Frage
In which couple of words is there no direct semantic context?
Antworten
  • Around the odontoblast process - Peritubular dentin
  • Mantle dentin - It is more mineralised than the rest of the dentin
  • Ameloblasts - Mantle dentin
  • Circumpulpal dentin - Interglobular areas

Frage 129

Frage
The water content of dentin is concentrated in the: 1. Dentinal lymph 2. Odontoblast processes 3. Organic component of the inter- and peritubular dentin 4. Hydration layer of the apatite crystals
Antworten
  • 1,2,3
  • 2,3,4
  • 1,3,4
  • 1,2,3,4

Frage 130

Frage
The right combination of statements about secondary dentin is: 1. Its deposition is on the walls of the pulp chamber 2. It constitutes the main part of dentin mass 3. It is poorly mineralised dentin 4. It is formed by odontoblasts
Antworten
  • 1,2
  • 2,4
  • 3,4
  • 1,4

Frage 131

Frage
The features of dentin associated with childhood are: 1. A reduction in the dentin thickness 2. Highly mineralised dentin 3. lowly mineralised dentin 4. Ill-defined globular areas and lines 5. Large apatite crystals 6. Small apatite crystals 7. Large amounts of collagen fibres 8. Small amounts of collagen fibres 9. Wide dentinal tubules
Antworten
  • 1,2,3,5,6
  • 1,3,4,7,8
  • 1,2,4,5,9
  • 1,3,6,7,9

Frage 132

Frage
The ionic exchange of dentin is ensured by the: 1. Enamel 2. Pulp 3. Periodontal ligament 4. Dentino-enamel junction
Antworten
  • 1,2
  • 2,3,4
  • 2,3
  • 3,4

Frage 133

Frage
In the exam write down the answer as "Yes" or "No" Which of the statements are correct?
Antworten
  • The unmyelinated nerve fibres accompany the odontoblast processes in the dentinal tubules.
  • The mantle dentin is less mineralised than the other layers of dentin.
  • The contour lines of Owen are found in the circumpulpal dentin.
  • The predentin is an unmineralised matrix of dentin at the pulpal border of dentin.
  • The organic component of the circumpulpal dentin consists of beta fibres and amorphous substance.
  • The predentin does not contain nerve fibres.
  • The contour lines of Ebner are caused by accentuated deficiencies in mineralisation.

Frage 134

Frage
Match the items from the first column that best relate to the items on the second column. 1. It is deposited around each odontoblast process. 2. It is a collar of more highly calcified matrix that delimits each dentinal tubule. 3. It consists of fibrils and amorphous substance. 4. It is the most highly mineralised type of dentin. 5. It is located between the dentinal tubules. A. Peritubular dentin: [blank_start]1[blank_end],[blank_start]2[blank_end],[blank_start]3[blank_end],[blank_start]4[blank_end] B. Intertubular dentin: [blank_start]3[blank_end],[blank_start]5[blank_end]
Antworten
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 3
  • 5

Frage 135

Frage
Match the dentin types with their characteristics: 1. It is formed by fibroblasts. 2. A layer of dentin around the pulp chamber. 3. A layer of dentin below the mantle dentin. 4. It consists of collagen fibres and ground substance. 5. It consists of Beta fibres. 6. It consists of Alpha fibres. A. Mantle dentin: [blank_start]1[blank_end],[blank_start]4[blank_end],[blank_start]6[blank_end] B. Circumpulpal dentin: [blank_start]3[blank_end],[blank_start]4[blank_end],[blank_start]5[blank_end] C. Predentin: [blank_start]2[blank_end],[blank_start]4[blank_end],[blank_start]5[blank_end]
Antworten
  • 1
  • 4
  • 6
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 2
  • 4
  • 5

Frage 136

Frage
The cross striations and striae of Retzius are: 1. The lines are perpendicular ti the longitudinal axis of the enamel rods. 2. The lines are parallel to the dentino-enamel junction. 3. The lines do not repeat at equal intervals. 4. The lines repeat at equal intervals. 5. They are less mineralised areas. 6. They represent the rhythm of the enamel matrix secretion. 7. They represent the circadian rhythm of the enamel growth. 8. They occur as a result of disturbing factors during the enamel mineralisation. A. The cross striations: [blank_start]1[blank_end],[blank_start]2[blank_end],[blank_start]4[blank_end],[blank_start]5[blank_end],[blank_start]6[blank_end],[blank_start]7[blank_end] B. Striae of Retzius: [blank_start]1[blank_end],[blank_start]2[blank_end],[blank_start]3[blank_end],[blank_start]5[blank_end],[blank_start]8[blank_end]
Antworten
  • 1
  • 2
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 5
  • 8
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