Surgery and Reconstruction for Breast Cancer

'Lumpectomy' is another term for Breast [blank_start]Conserving[blank_end] Surgery

Apart from Breast Conserving Surgery, what is the other major type of breast surgery performed by oncoplastic breast surgeons? [blank_start]Mastectomy[blank_end]

Breast Conserving Surgery alone has the same risk of relapse as receiving a Mastectomy.

[blank_start]Breast Conserving Surgery + Radiotherapy[blank_end] has a similar rate of relapse to Mastectomy, as in after either treatment plan you will have the same risk of the cancer relapsing.

Breast Conserving Surgery is conducted to excise breast masses [blank_start]leaving a clear margin of healthy tissue[blank_end]

All operations conducted on the breast also include removal of ... for pathology.

Removing all lymph nodes during surgery typically leads to the patient developing which condition years down the line? [blank_start]Lymphoedema[blank_end]

Breast Conserving Surgery requires that a clear margin of what is considered as healthy tissue to be removed along with the cancer. At least how much of this tissue should be removed to create a clear margin around the excised tumour area?

Currently, what is used to tag impalpable tumours so that surgeons know what they are aiming to remove during an operation?

Which of the following adjuvant treatments is most effective in combination with chemotherapy/radiotherapy when treating breast cancer?

Mifepristone - [blank_start]Progesterone Receptor Antagonist[blank_end] Tamoxifen - [blank_start]Oestrogen Receptor Antagonist[blank_end] Herceptin (Trastuzumab) - [blank_start]HER2 Receptor Antagonist[blank_end]

Which aromatase inhibitor is first line in the treatment of hormonally-responsive breast cancer specifically in postmenopausal women? [blank_start]Letrozole[blank_end]

Aromatase is the enzyme that catalyzes a key aromatization step in the synthesis of which key hormone? [blank_start]Oestrogen[blank_end]

If a large area of breast is being removed from one side of the body, an oncoplastic surgeon will typically (with patient's permission) attempt to reconstruct the other breast as well so that the woman's breasts are as symmetrical as possible.

Removal of all breast tissue surgically is known as a [blank_start]mastectomy[blank_end]

Mastectomy with breast reconstruction often involves taking 'free flaps' which are areas of tissue taken from areas of excess elsewhere on the body. Which two of the following sites are common sites to be utilised for 'free flap' reconstruction?

Which muscle of the upper body is sometimes repositioned in order to mimic a breast? [blank_start]Latissimus Dorsi[blank_end]

1 in 4 implants used in reconstructive surgery are lost due to which of the following?

Which type of cancer is loosely associated with breast implants?

Which type of breast reconstruction surgery is most popular following a mastectomy?

Once implants are inserted following a mastectomy, they tend to be fixed in place and thus do not require revisional surgeries as the woman ages.

Which artery is connected to the umbilical skin when it is used as a graft for reconstructive surgery? The [blank_start]internal mammary[blank_end] artery

The [blank_start]inferior[blank_end] gluteal fold can also be used as a graft for breast reconstruction surgery.

The first axillary nodes to be drained by a cancer must be surgery removed upon any form of breast cancer surgery. These lymph nodes are known as the [blank_start]sentinel[blank_end] lymph nodes

Axillary node clearance is mandatory for all breast cancer surgeries so that staging of the cancer can be conducted.

Are the internal mammary lymph nodes commonly operated upon during breast surgeries?

Creating bigger margins when excising breast cancers means that the patient is more less likely to have a recurrence of their breast cancer.