Frage 1
Frage
Chronic bronchitis can be characterized by the following
Antworten
-
hypertrophy of the smooth muscle layer of the bronchi
-
squamous cell metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium
-
can cause cor pulmonale chronicum
-
all of the above
Frage 2
Frage
Which type of emphysema most frequently causes pneumothorax?
Antworten
-
paraseptal
-
senile
-
bullous
-
centrolobular
Frage 3
Frage
In diffuse pulmonary emphysema we can notice the following changes
Antworten
-
the lungs are with increased density
-
the lungs are enlarged
-
we observe atrophy of the interalveolar septi
-
there is hypertrophy of the interalveolar septi
Frage 4
Frage
What is the order in which we observe the different histological stages in pneumonia crouposa?
Antworten
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congestion, grey hepatisation, red hepatisation, resolution
-
grey hepatisation, congestion, red hepatisation, resolution
-
congestion, red hepatisation, grey hepatisation, resolution
-
congestion, red hepatisation, grey hepatisation, lung abscess
Frage 5
Frage
Which complications can we observe in lobar pneumonia?
Antworten
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carnification
-
fibrinous pleuritis
-
lung abscess
-
none of the above
Frage 6
Frage
In which stage of pneumonia crouposa (lobar pneumonia) can we hear crepitations?
Antworten
-
grey hepatisation
-
congestion
-
resolution
-
red hepatisation
Frage 7
Frage
Pleural friction in pneumonia crouposa (lobar pneumonia) can be detected in
Frage 8
Frage
Characteristic features of hypostatic pneumonia
Antworten
-
it is observed in the apical lobes of the lungs
-
it is unilateral
-
it is observed in the lower posterior segments of both lungs
-
there is impaired ventilation in the segments where it occurs
Frage 9
Frage
In hypostatic pneumonia
Antworten
-
there is activation of saprophytic flora
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it is caused by pneumococci
-
it is caused by Pneumocystis carini
-
there is hypoventilation in the lower posterior segments
Frage 10
Frage
In bronchopneumonia we can observe
Antworten
-
scattered grey-yellow foci in the lung parenchyma
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confluent grey-yellow foci
-
central collection of pus in these foci
-
rusty sputum
Frage 11
Frage
Bronchopneumonia is characterized by
Antworten
-
high fever, weakness, cough
-
can be complicated by septicopyemia
-
can be descending from purulent bronchitis
-
mycetoma
Frage 12
Frage
Fungal pneumonia can be caused by
Antworten
-
old age
-
long-term antibiotic treatment
-
in autoimmune diseases, where patients are treated with corticosteroids
-
immune deficit
Frage 13
Frage
In fungal pneumonia we can observe
Frage 14
Frage
In interstitial pneumonia
Antworten
-
there is involvement of only one lobe
-
the inflammatory infiltrate is rich in lymphocytes
-
plasma cells are seen in the inflammatory infiltrate
-
the interalveolar septi are thickened
Frage 15
Frage
In pneumonia crouposa (lobar pneumonia) we can observe the following histological changes
Antworten
-
focal purulent inflammation
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fibrino-purulent exudate in the alveoli
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artificial detachment of the fibrin fibrils from the alveolar walls
-
spared alveoli filled with air
Frage 16
Frage
What are the characteristic microscopic features of chronic pyelonephritis?
Antworten
-
pericapsular glomerulosclerosis
-
mesangial hyperplasia
-
lymphoid infiltrates in the interstitium
-
"thyroidization " of the tubules
Frage 17
Frage
What is the most common outcome of tubal pregnancy?
Antworten
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rupture of the fallopian tube
-
secondary peritoneal pregnancy
-
pregnancy with normal birth
-
fetal transition into lithopedion
Frage 18
Frage
Which of the following diseases affect the white substance of the brain?
Frage 19
Frage
Where are the first and major vascular changes in hypertension?
Antworten
-
aorta
-
vessels of muscle type
-
arterioles
-
veins
Frage 20
Frage
Specify which stages are not found in lobar pneumonia
Antworten
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proliferative
-
gray hepatization
-
red hepatization
-
resolution
Frage 21
Frage
The most common case of acute post hemorrhagic anemia are:
Antworten
-
acute hemolysis
-
traumatic
-
intoxication
-
all three above
Frage 22
Frage
Which are tumor-like processes in the mouth
Antworten
-
polyp
-
fibroma
-
hemangioma
-
epulis
Frage 23
Frage
In myeloma often develops
Antworten
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hyper-para-proteinemia
-
amyloidosis
-
renal failure
-
chronic pyelonephritis
Frage 24
Frage
In periarteritis nodosa occur
Frage 25
Frage
Tubulorexis is seen in
Frage 26
Frage
Which of the above pathological processes, refers to the proliferative state of rheumatism?
Frage 27
Frage
Basal leptomeningitis is found in
Antworten
-
sepsis
-
tuberculosis
-
influenza
-
neurosyphilis
Frage 28
Frage
What diseases comprise COPD
Frage 29
Frage
Which of the ovarian tumors is related to transitional epithelium
Antworten
-
Brenner tumor
-
Adrenoblastoma
-
Mucinous cystadenoma
-
Serous cystadenoma
Frage 30
Frage
Typical changes in the heart in hypertension are
Antworten
-
hypertrophy of the left ventricle
-
hypertrophy of the right ventricle
-
mitral stenosis
-
brown atrophy of the liver
Frage 31
Frage
In classical nephritic syndrome is found
Frage 32
Frage
Which are the morphological subtypes of ameloblastoma
Antworten
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cystic
-
laminar
-
soft
-
solid
Frage 33
Frage
What complications can occur at the site of chronic heart aneurysm?
Frage 34
Frage
Indicate where the viruses of hepatitis A and B replicate after enteral or parenteral penetration
Frage 35
Frage
Serous meningitis can be caused by
Frage 36
Frage
"Big white kidneys " are seen in
Frage 37
Antworten
-
lobular
-
fibrinous
-
catarrhal
-
pleuropneumonia
Frage 38
Frage
What are the complications of atherosclerosis of the femoral artery
Antworten
-
thrombophlebitis
-
atrophy of the limb
-
gangrene
-
thrombosis
Frage 39
Frage
The pathogenesis of hydrocephalus is due to
Frage 40
Frage
Indicate which diseases are intraepithelial neoplasms
Antworten
-
pre-cancers
-
tumor-like processes
-
invasive tumors
-
inflammatory diseases
Frage 41
Frage
When is mostly seen the acute aneurysm of the heart?
Frage 42
Frage
Early carcinoma of the stomach means
Antworten
-
carcinoma infiltrating submucosa
-
carcinoma in situ
-
carcinoma infiltrating muscular layer
-
carcinoma infiltrating the serosa
Frage 43
Frage 44
Frage
Which of the following morphologic methods are used for classifying the lymphomas
Antworten
-
Staining with van Gieson
-
PAS reaction
-
Staining with von Kossa
-
Immunohistochemistry
Frage 45
Frage
Which of these tumors frequently metastasize to bone
Antworten
-
liposarcoma
-
osteosarcoma
-
prostate cancer
-
breast cancer
Frage 46
Frage
Which of the following thyroid cancer is associated with amyloidosis
Antworten
-
Follicular carcinoma
-
Medullary carcinoma
Frage 47
Frage
Which type of lung carcinoma has the worst prognosis
Antworten
-
Squamous cell carcinoma
-
Small cell carcinoma
Frage 48
Frage
Which of the following is true for medullary carcinoma of the breast
Frage 49
Frage
Which of the following type of lipids has the highest association with atherosclerosis
Antworten
-
Triglycerides
-
Low-density lipoproteins
Frage 50
Frage
Calcifying sclerosis of aorta and big arteries is type of
Antworten
-
Dystrophic calcification
-
Metastaic calcification
Frage 51
Frage
The most frequent form of primary glomerular disease in children is
Antworten
-
Minimal change disease
-
Acute glomerulonephritis
Frage 52
Frage
Hyperfunction of anterior pituitary in pre-pubertal children generally can result in:
Frage 53
Frage
The role of external radiation in the etiology of thyroid cancer is predominant in:
Antworten
-
Papillary carcinoma
-
Follicular carcinoma
Frage 54
Frage
The following type of carcinoma of the breast is characterized by ‘lndian file’ pattern of tumor cells
Frage 55
Frage
Prostatic hyperplasia affects most often
Antworten
-
Peripheral prostate
-
Periurethral prostate
Frage 56
Frage
Which criteria refer to pernicious anaemia
Frage 57
Frage
Which of the following tumors have association with occupational exposure to asbestosis
Antworten
-
Silicosis
-
Malignant mesothelioma
-
Squamous cell carcinoma
-
Laryngeal carcinoma
Frage 58
Frage
Which of the following features characterize ulcerative colitis, except
Antworten
-
Formation of crypt abscess and cryptitis
-
Superficial mucosal ulceration
-
Depletion of goblet cells and mucus
-
Stricture formation in chronic cases
Frage 59
Frage
Philadelphia chromosome is characterized by
Antworten
-
translocation (8; 14)
-
translocation (9:22)
-
translocation (22:9)
-
translocation (14;8)
Frage 60
Frage
Which of the following are included in classic Hodgkin’s disease
Antworten
-
Histiocytic fibrosis
-
Lymphocytic depletion
-
Mixed cellularity
-
Nodular sclerosis
Frage 61
Frage
Pulseless disease is
Antworten
-
Temporal arteritis
-
Kawasaki’s disease
-
Takayasu arteritis
-
Buerger’s disease
Frage 62
Frage
The morphologic variants of diagnostic cells in Hodgkin’s disease are
Frage 63
Frage
Crohn’s disease is characterized by the following histopathologic features
Frage 64
Frage
According to monoclonal atherosclerotic hypothesis, the primary event in atherosclerosis is
Antworten
-
Monoclonal proliferation of endothelial cells
-
Monoclonal proliferation of smooth muscle cells
-
Monoclonal proliferation of monocytes
-
Monoclonal proliferation of foam cells
Frage 65
Frage
Barrett’s oesophagus is
Antworten
-
Congenital anomaly
-
Inflammatory disease
-
Metaplastic process
-
Neoplastic lesion
Frage 66
Frage
The most common site of involvement of atherosclerotic aneurysm is
Frage 67
Frage
The following histologic types of bronchogenic carcinoma have strong association with cigarette smoking except
Antworten
-
Squamous cell carcinoma
-
Small cell carcinoma
-
Large cell carcinoma
-
Adenocarcinoma
Frage 68
Frage
The most important and common complicated atheromatous lesion in the coronary artery in route myocardial infarction is
Frage 69
Frage
In hypertensive heart disease left ventricular hypertrophy is correlated with
Frage 70
Frage
The most common causative organism for lobar pneumonia is
Antworten
-
Staphylococci
-
Streptococci
-
Pneumococci
-
Haemophilus
Frage 71
Frage
The common complications of gastric ulcer are
Antworten
-
penetration
-
pneumonia
-
hemorrhage
-
perforation
Frage 72
Frage
Which of the following types of acute viral hepatitis become chronic hepatitis
Frage 73
Frage
What complication can occur due to atherosclerosis of femoral artery?
Frage 74
Frage
Nephrotic syndrome develops in
Antworten
-
urine retention
-
acute renal failure
-
acute pyelonephritis
-
glomerulonephritis
Frage 75
Frage
The infection which leads to pyelonephritis may be a result of
Frage 76
Frage
Which of the following diseases does not lead to nephrosclerosis
Antworten
-
atherosclerosis
-
diabetes mellitus
-
diabetes insipidus
-
gout
Frage 77
Frage
Squamous cell carcinoma is a common tumor in the
Antworten
-
Uterine body
-
Ovaries
-
Fallopian tubes
-
Uterine cervix
Frage 78
Frage
Which of the morphological methods are used for subtyping lymphomas?
Antworten
-
Van Gieson staining
-
PAS
-
Von Kossa staining
-
Immunohistochemistry
Frage 79
Frage
Which of the following complications can develop in pulmonary carcinoma
Frage 80
Frage
Determine the pathological process in the lung parenchyma, having in mind the microscopic appearance - a focus of necrosis, detritus, leukocytes and macrophages
Frage 81
Frage
Point out the characteristic macroscopic changes of chronic obstructive emphysema
Antworten
-
decreased in size lungs, collapsed to the hilum
-
lungs with increased volume
-
thick consistency of the lungs
-
reduced elasticity and soft consistency
Frage 82
Frage
What disease is endometriosis?
Frage 83
Frage
Gynecomastia is a disease of
Antworten
-
breast in women
-
ovaries
-
male breast
-
testes
Frage 84
Frage
What is typical for the first stage of syphilis?
Frage 85
Frage
For tuberculous meningitis the following histological changes are typical
Frage 86
Frage
Why are occupational diseases named pneumoconiosis?
Frage 87
Frage
Which of the following factors play a role in the development of bronchial carcinoma?
Frage 88
Frage
What is the exudate in the pleural cavity and pericardial sac due to lymphatic spread of pulmonary carcinoma into them?
Antworten
-
fibrinous
-
serous
-
hemorrhagic
-
purulent
Frage 89
Frage
What forms of silicosis do you know?
Antworten
-
nodular
-
diffuse-sclerotic
-
senile
-
combination of a) and b)
Frage 90
Frage
Apically located peripheral pulmonary carcinoma is represented by the eponym
Frage 91
Frage
Which diseases complicate siliscosis?
Antworten
-
cor hypertonicum
-
cor pulmonale chronicum
-
tuberculosis
-
pneumofibrosis
Frage 92
Frage
Claude-Bernard-Horner syndrome includes the following:
Antworten
-
ptosis, midriasis, anhydrosis
-
ptosis, miosis, increased sweating
-
ptosis. miosis, pseudoenophthalmus
-
anhydrosis
Frage 93
Frage
What possible gross changes we see in lung carcinoma?
Frage 94
Frage
Chronic bronchitis is usually accompanied by
Antworten
-
squamous cell metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium
-
phases of purulent inflammation
-
productive cough for at least 2 months/year for 3 consecutive years
-
productive cough for at least 3 months/year for 2 consecutive years
Frage 95
Frage
Squamous cell lung carcinoma occurs
Antworten
-
in the middle lobe of the left lung
-
after squamous cell metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium of bronchi
-
as an ill-defined node connected to a bronchus
-
forming nests of tumor cells producing keratin
Frage 96
Frage
In small cell lung carcinoma we can observe
Antworten
-
numerous tumor cells with scant stroma
-
the tumor cells resemble oat-grains
-
it grows in a pneumonia-like fashion
-
the tumor cells have very high proliferative rate
Frage 97
Frage
Bronchiolo-alveolar pulmonary carcinoma is characterized by:
Antworten
-
forms papillary folds into the alveolar lumen
-
it is a form of squamous cell carcinoma
-
the cells produce keratin
-
it is a form of adenocarcinoma
Frage 98
Frage
Hodgkin lymphoma has
Frage 99
Frage
In Hodgkin lymphoma we can observe
Antworten
-
effaced lymph node structure
-
nodular sclerosis histological form
-
mixed cellularity histological form
-
chronic myeloleukemia
Frage 100
Frage
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas can be
Antworten
-
Nodal
-
B-cell and T -cell types
-
Extranodal
-
none of the above