Transition Block - Physiology

In a restrictive lung disease:

In order to diagnose an obstructive lung condition, the FEV1/FVC must be below ...

In an obstructive lung disease:

In an obstructive lung condition, the [blank_start]FVC[blank_end] is reduced to a greater extent than the [blank_start]FEV1[blank_end], thus there is a reduced FEV1/FVC ratio.

Increased lung compliance means that the lungs are [blank_start]easier[blank_end] to stretch

Increased Pulmonary Compliance = [blank_start]Increased[blank_end] difficulty in expiring

Lung Compliance is [blank_start]increased[blank_end] in COPD

Total lung capacity in COPD patients is [blank_start]increased[blank_end] due to [blank_start]hyperinflation[blank_end]

In COPD patients, dynamic airway compression is more likely to occur on active inspiration.

Pulmonary fibrosis causes a [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] lung compliance and [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] gas diffusion

A diabetic patient is admitted comatose, with a 2 day history of urinary frequency and vomiting. She is displaying deep, sighing breathing. Which of the following is most likely?

[blank_start]Functional Residual Capacity[blank_end] is the volume of air present in the lungs at the end of passive expiration

Functional Residual Capacity is about [blank_start]2.2 litres[blank_end] in a young adult male.

A patient experiencing a pneumothorax is at risk of becoming hypotensive.

A 67 year old patient presents with shortness of breathness and coughing up green sputum regularly. They have a 40 pack year history of smoking. What is their FEV1/FVC ratio most likely to be?

Peripheral Chemoreceptors are only stimulated by which two of the following?

Mechanism of anxiety related hyperventilation:

In a patient with diffuse pulmonary fibrosis, what is the most likely FEV1/FVC ratio?

Kussmaul breathing is one of the hallmark signs of

A low oxygen level in the blood would likely bring about [blank_start]vasoconstriction[blank_end]

In which foetal artery does the presence of oxygen cause vasoconstriction? (It is a vasodilator in every other bodily artery) [blank_start]Ductus Arteriosus[blank_end] Artery

A 28 year old woman, with a long history of anxiety presents complaining of tingling around her mouth and in her fingers, what will her blood gases likely show?

Hyperventilation causing Respiratory Alkalosis would cause a tingling sensation in the fingers due to a reduced level of free [blank_start]calcium[blank_end] in the blood as it binds to albumin, thus reducing the only metabolically active form of this mineral in the body causing a deficiency state - which includes peripheral tingling.

An opioid overdose would cause which of the following ABG findings?

Hyoscine is a [blank_start]parasympathetic[blank_end] antagonist which reduces respiratory secretions in palliative care patients

Which two of the following leads are used to check the axis of an ECG?

If Leads I and aVF are [blank_start]positive[blank_end] on an ECG (first deflection of QRS complex is [blank_start]up[blank_end] the way) then the axis of the ECG is considered to be normal

[blank_start]Left Axis Deviation[blank_end]: Lead 1 is positive but aVF is negative [blank_start]Right Axis Deviation[blank_end]: Lead 1 is negative but aVF is positive