17737677
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Quiz von Matthew Coulson, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Matthew Coulson
vor mehr als 5 Jahre
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Frage 1
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[blank_start]After[blank_end] depolarizations are abnormal depolarizations of cardiac myocytes that interrupt phase 2, 3 or 4 of the cardiac AP in the cardiac conduction system of the heart
Antworten
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After
Frage 2
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[blank_start]Early[blank_end] Afterdepolarisations can result in Torsades de Pointes
Antworten
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Early
-
Delayed
Frage 3
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Early Afterdepolarisations are potentiated by drugs which prolong the [blank_start]QT[blank_end] interval
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QT
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PR
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PT
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QRS
Frage 4
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Early Afterdepolarisations can be potentiated by which of the following?
Antworten
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Hypokalaemia
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Hyperkalaemia
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Hyponatraemia
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Hypernatraemia
Frage 5
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Torsades de pointes is commonly caused by low [blank_start]potassium[blank_end] levels and/or low [blank_start]magnesium[blank_end] levels
Antworten
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potassium
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sodium
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magnesium
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iron
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zinc
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copper
Frage 6
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Torsades de Pointes is a [blank_start]ventricular[blank_end] [blank_start]tachycardia[blank_end] which can be fatal.
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ventricular
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supraventricular
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tachycardia
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bradycardia
Frage 7
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Early Afterdepolarisations occur during the [blank_start]repolarisation[blank_end] phase of the cardiac action potential
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repolarisation
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depolarisation
Frage 8
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Delayed Afterdepolarisations occur during [blank_start]phase 4[blank_end] of the cardiac action potential - after repolarisation but before another action potential occurs.
Antworten
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phase 4
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phase 0
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phase 1
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phase 2
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phase 3
Frage 9
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Delayed Afterdepolarisations typically occur due to raised Cytosolic [blank_start]Calcium[blank_end] levels
Delayed Afterdepolarisations are classically seen in [blank_start]Digoxin[blank_end] Toxicity
Antworten
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Digoxin
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Warfarin
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Lithium
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Paracetamol
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Calcium
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Sodium
-
Potassium
-
Magnesium
Frage 10
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Bidirectional ventricular tachycardia is classically seen in [blank_start]delayed afterdepolarisations[blank_end]
Antworten
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delayed afterdepolarisations
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early afterdepolarisations
Frage 11
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Congenital Long QT Syndrome is associated with [blank_start]Torsades de Pointes[blank_end]
Antworten
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Torsades de Pointes
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Brugada Syndrome
Frage 12
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Congenital Long QT Syndrome which presents with deafness is likely autosomal [blank_start]recessive[blank_end] in nature
Antworten
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recessive
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dominant
Frage 13
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Congenital Short QT Syndrome occurs due to a mutation in the cardiac [blank_start]Potassium[blank_end] Channels
Antworten
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Potassium
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Calcium
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Sodium
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Chloride
Frage 14
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ST Elevation and Right Bundle Branch Block is indicative of Brugada Syndrome if it occurs in which of the following leads?
Antworten
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V1
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V2
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V3
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V4
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V5
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V6
Frage 15
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Brugada syndrome is inherited in an autosomal [blank_start]dominant[blank_end] pattern
Antworten
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dominant
-
recessive
Frage 16
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Which 2 of the following are known to trigger Ventricular Fibrillation in patients with Brugada Syndrome?
This can cause sudden cardiac death.
Antworten
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Sleep
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Fever
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Exercise
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Stress
Frage 17
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Antiarrhythmic medications (e.g. Amiodarone) and Analgesics (e.g. Paracetamol) should be avoided in Brugada Syndrome patients, for fear of causing Ventricular Fibrillation.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 18
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Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (CPVT) is a condition whereby Ventricular Fibrillation can be caused in response to adrenaline and/or noradrenaline. Which 2 of the following are the most common exacerbants of this condition?
Antworten
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Emotional Stress
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Exercise
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Sleep
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Alcohol
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Large Meals
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Fever
Frage 19
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Which of the following medications have been found to be beneficial in CPVT patients?
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Beta Blockers
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Calcium Channel Blockers
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Iron Chelators
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ACE Inhibitors
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Aldosterone Antagonists (e.g. Spironolactone)
Frage 20
Frage
Flecainide should be considered for treatment of which of the following conditions?
Antworten
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Brugada Syndrome
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CPVT
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Congenital Long QT Syndrome
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Torsades de Pointes
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Wolff-Parkinson White Syndrome
Frage 21
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Delta wave on an ECG is indicative of which of the following conditions?
Antworten
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Congenital Long QT Syndrome
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Wolff-Parkinson White Syndrome
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Brugada Syndrome
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Torsades de Pointes
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CVPT
Frage 22
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What is the most common genetic cause of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?
Antworten
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Sarcomeric Protein Gene Mutation
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AMP-Kinase Mutation
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FHL1 Mutation
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Familial ATTR
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Carnitine Mutation
Frage 23
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Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators are first line treatment for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 24
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Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy is an autosomal dominant condition whereby mutations in the genes encoding cardiac [blank_start]desmosomes[blank_end] cause fibrofatty replacement of cardiomyocytes in the right ventricular, thus leading to arrhythmias.
Antworten
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desmosomes
Frage 25
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Generally, which of the following types of medication has been proven to reduce the rate of Sudden Cardiac Death?
Antworten
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Beta Blockers
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ACE Inhibitors
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Calcium Channel Blockers
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Beta-2 Adrenoceptor Antagonists
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Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
Frage 26
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The likelihood of having a disease if you have a gene mutation is called the [blank_start]Penetrance[blank_end] of a disease
Antworten
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Penetrance
Frage 27
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Marfan Syndrome occurs due to a mutation to the [blank_start]Fibrillin[blank_end] gene
Antworten
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Fibrillin
Frage 28
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The safest position for a baby to sleep in is on their side.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 29
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You are receiving patients in casualty. A 38 yo healthy man became acutely unwell, becoming very pale and than grey and unresponsive. An ambulance was called, but in the interim, he spontaneously recovered. He has no past medical history.
On arrival in hospital, his ECG was as follows:
What is the most likely diagnosis?
[blank_start]Brugada Syndrome[blank_end]
Antworten
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Brugada Syndrome
Frage 30
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What is the only type of shock which causes a bradycardia (as opposed to tachycardia)?
Antworten
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Neurogenic Shock
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Anaphylactic Shock
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Cardiogenic Shock
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Hypovolaemic Shock
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Septic Shock
Frage 31
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Which of the following should be given to treat neurogenic shock?
Antworten
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Vasopressors (e.g. Adrenaline)
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Fluid and Blood Replacement
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Inotropes (e.g. Dobutamine)
Frage 32
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Inadequate organ perfusion caused by the failure of the heart to act as a pump is known as [blank_start]cardiogenic[blank_end] shock
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cardiogenic
Frage 33
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Anaphylactic shock is treated via IV [blank_start]adrenaline[blank_end]
Antworten
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adrenaline
Frage 34
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Anaphylactic shock is treated with 500micrograms of adrenaline at a dilution of
Antworten
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1 in 10000
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1 in 1000
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1 in 100
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1 in 10
Frage 35
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A patient is hypertensive once their BP drops below [blank_start]90/60[blank_end]
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90/60
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90/70
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100/60
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100/70
Frage 36
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In neurogenic shock, the [blank_start]sympathetic[blank_end] supply to the heart has been cut off which is which neurogenic shock results in [blank_start]bradycardia[blank_end] (when the other types of shock result in [blank_start]tachycardia[blank_end])
Antworten
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bradycardia
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tachycardia
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tachycardia
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bradycardia
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sympathetic
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parasympathetic
Frage 37
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MI, Heart Failure, PE and Cardiac Tamponade are all causes of which type of shock?
Antworten
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Cardiogenic Shock
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Anaphylactic Shock
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Hypovolaemic Shock
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Septic Shock
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Neurogenic Shock
Frage 38
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Which of the following is most commonly known to cause cardiac arrest?
Antworten
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Hyperkalaemia
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Hypokalaemia
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Hypernatraemia
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Hyponatraemia
Frage 39
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Which two of the following are typically used to treat cardiogenic shock?
Antworten
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Inotropes (E.g. Dobutamine)
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Vasopressors (E.g. Adrenaline)
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Chronotropes (E.g. Atropine)
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Beta Blockers (E.g. Propranolol)
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ACE Inhibitors (E.g. Ramipril)
Frage 40
Frage
Which of the following are types of distributive shock?
I.e. the blood volume is normal, it is just unevenly distributed
Antworten
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Cardiogenic Shock
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Anaphylactic Shock
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Hypovolaemic Shock
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Neurogenic Shock
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Septic Shock
Frage 41
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At what depth should chest compressions be conducted?
Antworten
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3-4cm
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5-6cm
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7-8cm
Frage 42
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In a case of an adult with heart failure, rescue breaths should be conducted before chest compressions are started.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 43
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Which of the following are shockable?
Antworten
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Ventricular Tachycardia
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Ventricular Fibrillation
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Pulseless Electrical Activity
-
Asystole
Frage 44
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Which of the following are non-shockable rhythms?
Antworten
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Pulseless Electrical Activity
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Asystole
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Ventricular Tachycardia
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Ventricular Fibrillation
Frage 45
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IV Adrenaline (+IV Amiodarone if arrhythmia) should be given after [blank_start]3[blank_end] rounds of CPR and every [blank_start]3[blank_end] rounds thereafter
Antworten
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3
-
5
-
10
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3
-
5
-
10
Frage 46
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[blank_start]Clinical death[blank_end] is reversible
[blank_start]Biologic death[blank_end] is irreversible
Antworten
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Clinical death
-
Biologic death
Frage 47
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In absence of CPR, clinical death lasts around 3-6 minutes before biologic death occurs.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 48
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Where are ECG electrodes placed?
Right Arm = [blank_start]Red[blank_end]
Left Arm = [blank_start]Yellow[blank_end]
Left Leg = [blank_start]Green[blank_end]
Right Leg = [blank_start]Blue[blank_end]
Antworten
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Blue
-
Green
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Yellow
-
Red
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