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Quiz von Andy Martinez, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Andy Martinez
vor mehr als 5 Jahre
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Frage 1
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Short-term adaptation to environmental stress is
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acclimation
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acclimatization
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thermoregulation
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adaptations
Frage 2
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85 °F is equal to °C
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47.2
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29.4
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27.5
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65
Frage 3
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Transfer of heat from a solid object to a solid object is
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convection
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evaporation
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conduction
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radiation
Frage 4
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Transfer of heat from air or water currents is
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convection
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evaporation
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conduction
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radiation
Frage 5
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What is the primary method for discharging the resting body’s heat?
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evaporation
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conduction
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radiation
Frage 6
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What is the primary method for discharging the resting body’s heat
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evaporation
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conduction
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radiation
Frage 7
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The primary avenue of heat loss during exercise is
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convection
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evaporation
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conduction
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radiation
Frage 8
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Which of the following are considered avenues of dry heat exchange?
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convection
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conduction
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radiation
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All of these are correct
Frage 9
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Wind increases heat loss from the skin primarily by
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convection
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radiation
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sweating
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All of these are correct.
Frage 10
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Which of the following is incorrect?
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Insulation limits dry heat exchange.
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Clothing adds resistance to evaporative cooling
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Cooling of the skin does occur as sweat evaporates from wet clothing surfaces, and this cooling power is greater than evaporation directly from the skin to the air.
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Sweat must evaporate in order for cooling to occur
Frage 11
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Internal body temperature at rest is regulated at approximately
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37 ºC
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40 ºC
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98.6 ºC
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32 ºC
Frage 12
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Thermoreceptors detect changes in temperature and relay this information to your body’s thermostat located
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in the preoptic-anterior hypothalamus
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in blood
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in the posterior hypothalamus
Frage 13
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The receptors that monitor temperature of blood as it circulates through the body are
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thermoreceptors
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central receptors
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peripheral receptors
Frage 14
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Skin vasoconstriction results primarily from
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SNS release of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine
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sympathetic cholinergic release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
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the hormonal secretion of epinephrine
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None of these is correct
Frage 15
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The primary neurotransmitter involved in activating the sweat glands is
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norepinephrine
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epinephrine
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acetylcholine
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None of these is correct.
Frage 16
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Metabolic heat production can be increased by the actions of the hormone(s), such as
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thyroxine
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epinephrine
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norepinephrine
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All of these are correct.
Frage 17
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The critical temperature theory states that
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working muscle blood flow is well maintained even at very high core temperatures unless significant dehydration occurs
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. regardless of the rate at which core temperature increases, the brain will send signals to stop exercise when some critical temperature is reached, usually between 40 and 41 °C
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heat production is beneficial when you exercise in a cold environment because it helps maintain normal body temperature
Frage 18
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Mineral and fluid loss in sweat during exercise in the heat stimulates increased release of ____________________________, thus reducing fluid and mineral loss in the urine.
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epinephrine and norepinephrine
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aldosterone and ADH
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insulin and cortisol
Frage 19
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Which hormone is responsible for maintaining appropriate sodium levels?
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ADH
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thyroxine
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aldosterone
Frage 20
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Which hormone is responsible for maintaining fluid balance?
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ADH
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thyroxine
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cortisol
Frage 21
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Which of the following provides a single temperature reading to estimate the cooling capacity of the surrounding environment
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WBGT index
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heat index
Frage 22
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The wet bulb temperature in the WBGT index
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indicates the effect of sweat evaporating from the skin
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is an indication of the conductive heat loss potential
Frage 23
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Which of the following is not a symptom of exercise and thermal dehydration?
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decreased heart rate
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decreased work rate
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increased body temperature
Frage 24
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Which of the following are adaptations that occur with heat acclimation?
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decreased core temperature
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increased heart rate
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decreased plasma volume
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decreased stroke volume
Frage 25
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Which is the correct order by which our bodies avoid excessive heat loss?
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shivering, nonshivering thermogenesis, peripheral vasoconstriction
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. nonshivering thermogenesis, shivering, peripheral vasoconstriction
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peripheral vasoconstriction, nonshivering thermogenesis, and shivering
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shivering, peripheral vasoconstriction, nonshivering thermogenesis
Frage 26
Frage
Windchill
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is an index based on the cooling effect of wind, or the cooling power of the environment
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represents the temperature of the wind
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represents the temperature of the air
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All of these are correct.
Frage 27
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Which of the following is incorrect?
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Exposure to cold markedly increases epinephrine and norepinephrine.
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FFA levels increase substantially more during prolonged exercise in cold conditions.
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Cold exposure triggers vasoconstriction in the vessels.
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Hypothermia can occur when water temperature is well above freezing.
Frage 28
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Sitting in a hot sauna can adequately prepare the individual for physical exertion in the heat.
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- True
- False
Frage 29
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Central thermoreceptors are far more sensitive to temperature change than peripheral receptors
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- True
- False
Frage 30
Frage
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
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. Strength gains over 4 weeks to 2 years of training vary by training status, and the greatest strength increases are observed in elite athletes
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Strength gains between men and women are similar when expressed as a percentage of initial strength.
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Strength gains between children and adults are similar when expressed as a percentage of initial strength.
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Strength gains when reported as absolute weight are higher in men than in women.
Frage 31
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Which of the following is incorrect?
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Rate coding may be increased with resistance training.
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Rapid movement or ballistic-type training appears to be effective in stimulating increases in rate coding.
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A reduction in coactivation of agonists and antagonists is one way in which neural factors may contribute to strength gains achieved with resistance training.
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Resistance training in the elderly (>70 years of age) results in increases in muscle strength but not muscle mass.
Frage 32
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The muscle fiber hypertrophy that occurs with chronic resistance training appears to result from
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a net increase in glycogen storage in the muscle fibers
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a net increase in muscle protein synthesis
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an increase in the water content of the muscle fibers
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increased testosterone secretion
Frage 33
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Evidence from recent research indicates that a carbohydrate and protein supplement, taken immediately after a resistance training bout, can
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prevent muscle cramps
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prevent delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS)
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reduce the rate of protein degradation in muscle, resulting in a more positive nitrogen balance
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reduce the number of exercise sets needed to achieve a given level of strength improvement
Frage 34
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Which of the following is a true statement regarding hypertrophy of whole muscle in response to resistance training?
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Whole-muscle hypertrophy in humans has been shown to result solely from muscle fiber hypertrophy.
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Some research has suggested that muscle fiber hyperplasia may contribute to whole-muscle hypertrophy in humans.
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Increases in muscle size do not occur in nonhumans in response to resistance exercise.
Frage 35
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Most research evidence indicates that training-induced whole-muscle hypertrophy in humans
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results mainly from increases in the number of muscle fibers
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results mainly from increases in the size of individual muscle fibers
Frage 36
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Which of the following is incorrect concerning current theory on fiber splitting in humans?
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Individual muscle fibers have the capacity to divide and split into two daughter cells, each of which can then develop into a functional muscle fiber.
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Muscle injury results from intense training, particularly concentric-action training.
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Satellite cells are typically activated by muscle stretching and injury.
Frage 37
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When muscle atrophies, the cross-sectional area and several studies have shown this effect to be greater in type fibers.
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increases; IIa
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decreases; I
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decreases; IIa
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increases; I
Frage 38
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Which of the following is true concerning the effects of resistance training on muscular strength and size?
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Men and women participating in comparable strength training programs achieve similar strength gains
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Children cannot achieve meaningful strength improvements through resistance training.
Frage 39
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Which of the following is incorrect concerning fiber type conversion?
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a. Cross-innervation studies demonstrated interconversion between type I and type II fibers.
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b. Chronic, low-frequency nerve stimulation transforms type II motor units into type I motor units.
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c. Transition of type IIx fibers to type IIa fibers occurs with resistance training.
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A combination of high-intensity resistance training and short-interval speed work can lead to a conversion of type I to type IIa fibers.
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There are no incorrect responses.
Frage 40
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The major objective of exercise training is to
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maintain an ideal body weight
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cause physiological adaptations specific to the type of training
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increase endurance capacity
Frage 41
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Which of the following is incorrect?
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Aerobic training improves central and peripheral blood flow.
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V\od\O2max may be defined by the Fick equation.
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V\od\O2max = Q\od\max divided by a-vO2 difference.
Frage 42
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Which of the following is the best objective laboratory measure of aerobic power, or cardiorespiratory endurance?
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maximal oxygen uptake
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lactate threshold
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maximal expiratory ventilation
Frage 43
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Submaximal endurance capacity
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a. is measured with a V\od\O2max test
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b. is more closely related to competitive endurance performance than is maximal endurance capacity
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c. is probably determined by both a person's V\od\O2 and his or her lactate threshold
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a and b
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b and c
Frage 44
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The increase in heart muscle mass with resistance training is due to
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repeated exposure to the decreased afterload
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repeated exposure to the increased afterload
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repeated exposure to increased plasma volume
Frage 45
Frage
Cardiovascular adaptations that occur with resistance training are primarily due to
a. pressure changes that occur with resistance training
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pressure changes that occur with resistance training
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the pressor response
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volume changes
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None of these is correct.
Frage 46
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Of the following factors, which is considered the most important contributor to the improvement in stroke volume with endurance training?
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increased blood volume
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increased cardiac contractility
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decreased arterial blood pressure
Frage 47
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Increased contractile force of the heart causes
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an increase in end-systolic volume
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a decrease in end-systolic volume
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no change in end-systolic volume
Frage 48
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What is a possible reason for lower maximal heart rates observed in endurance-trained athletes?
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Slower heart rates increase ventricular filling time.
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Slower heart rate increases afterload.
Frage 49
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An increase in mechanical efficiency is a possible explanation for
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a lower oxygen consumption at a given submaximal exercise workload after training
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a higher oxygen consumption rate at a given submaximal exercise work load after training
Frage 50
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Hypoxia is best defined as
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oxygen deficiency
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difficulty breathing
Frage 51
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Barometric pressure on Earth
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remains constant
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does not vary according to the time of year
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varies slightly with changes in climatic conditions
Frage 52
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In response to exposure to high altitude,
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pulmonary ventilation decreases
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chemoreceptors are stimulated by high PCO2 and therefore increase pulmonary ventilation
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pulmonary ventilation is increased primarily by increases in tidal volume
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