1823729
Frage 1
Frage
What are the functions of skin?
Antworten
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Protection
-
Thermoregulation
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Fat store
-
Sensation
-
Produce vitamin C
-
Produce vitamin D
Frage 2
Frage
What is the most superficial layer of skin?
Antworten
-
Dermis
-
Epidermis
-
Subcutis
Frage 3
Frage
How many layers make up the epidermis?
Antworten
-
5 in normal skin, 4 in thick skin
-
4 in normal skin, 5 in thick skin
Frage 4
Frage
What is the deepest layer of the epidermis?
Antworten
-
Stratum corneum
-
Stratum lucidum
-
Stratum Granulosum
-
Stratum Spinosum
-
Stratum Basale
Frage 5
Frage
What is the most superficial layer of the epidermis?
Antworten
-
Stratum Corneum
-
Stratum Lucidum
-
Stratum Granulosum
-
Stratum Spinosum
-
Stratum Basale
Frage 6
Frage
Which layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin?
Antworten
-
Stratum corneum
-
Stratum lucidum
-
Stratum granulosum
-
Stratum spinosum
-
Stratum basale
Frage 7
Frage
Where on the body would you find thick skin?
Antworten
-
Soles of the feet
-
Knees
-
Fingertips
-
Palms of the hands
-
Lips
Frage 8
Frage
Between which layers of the epidermis is the stratum lucidum found?
Antworten
-
Between the stratum corneum and the stratum granulosum
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Between the stratum granulosum and the stratum spinosum
-
Between the stratum spinosum and the stratum basale
Frage 9
Frage
What is the function of the stratum basale?
Antworten
-
Endure the normal wear and tear of everyday life
-
Produce keratin and hydrophobic substances which keep the skin waterproof
-
Allow keratinocytes to mature and play a role in immune function
-
Constantly produce keratinocytes
Frage 10
Frage
What is the function of the stratum granulosum?
Antworten
-
Endure the normal everyday wear and tear
-
Produce keratin and hydrophobic substances that keep skin waterproof
-
Allow keratinocytes to mature and have a role in immunity
-
Constantly produce keratinocytes
Frage 11
Frage
What is the function of the stratum corneum?
Antworten
-
Endure the everyday wear and tear of everyday life
-
Produce keratin and hydrophobic substances that help to keep skin waterproof
-
Allow keratinocytes to mature and has a role in immune function
-
Constantly produce keratinocytes
Frage 12
Frage
What is the function of the stratum spinosum?
Antworten
-
Endures the normal everyday wear and tear
-
Produces keratin and hydrophobic substances that help to keep skin waterproof
-
Allow keratinocytes to mature and has a role in immunity
-
Constantly produces keratinocytes
Frage 13
Frage
How many days, on average, does it take for cells produced in the stratum basale to reach the stratum corneum?
Antworten
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2 days
-
5 days
-
10 days
-
20 days
-
50 days
Frage 14
Frage
In what dermatological disease is the turnover of keratinocytes increased?
Antworten
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Atopic eczema
-
Psoriasis
-
Impetigo
-
Tinea
Frage 15
Frage
Which of the following are non-keratinising cells that can be found in the epidermis?
Antworten
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Merkel cells
-
Beta cells
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Langerhan cells
-
Melanocytes
-
Kpuffer cells
-
Keratinocytes
Frage 16
Frage
What are Langerhan cells
Antworten
-
Phagocytes
-
Antigen Presenting Cells
-
Pigment Producing Cells
Frage 17
Frage
What are Merkel Cells thought to do?
Antworten
-
Act as sensory receptors
-
Produce the pigment that gives skin its colour
-
Produce collagen
Frage 18
Frage
What keeps the dermis and the epidermis separate?
Antworten
-
A layer of fat
-
A layer of type II collagen
-
A basement membrane
Frage 19
Frage
What is the name of the upper layer of the dermis?
Antworten
-
Papillary dermis
-
Reticular dermis
Frage 20
Frage
What is the name of the lower layer of the dermis?
Antworten
-
Papillary dermis
-
Reticular dermis
Frage 21
Frage
Which of the following is not found within the dermis?
Antworten
-
Fibroblasts, fibrocytes and their extracellular products
-
Collagen and elastin
-
Melanocytes
-
Glycosaminoglycans
-
Blood vessels and nerves
-
Some immune cells
Frage 22
Frage
Where is the deep vascular plexus?
Antworten
-
Stratum basale of the epidermis
-
Reticular dermis only
-
Reticular dermis, with small branches entering the papillary dermis
Frage 23
Frage
Where is the superficial vascular plexus?
Antworten
-
Stratum basale of the epidermis
-
Reticular dermis only
-
Reticular dermis, with branches running into the papillary dermis
Frage 24
Frage
Why does blood flow within the skin need to be variable?
Antworten
-
To allow sensation
-
To allow blood to be directed to other areas of the body when they functioning more than usual
-
For thermoregulation
Frage 25
Frage
What nervous system allows the blood flow to the skin to be changed by constricting some of the anastamoses?
Antworten
-
Sympathetic nervous system
-
Parasympathetic nervous system
Frage 26
Frage
What are the four different types of nerve endings found in the dermis?
Antworten
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Free nerve endings
-
Fixed nerve endings
-
Pacinian corpuscles
-
Meissner's corpuscles
-
Merkel cellls
-
Langerhan cells
Frage 27
Frage
What is the subcutis predominantly made up of?
Antworten
-
Type II collagen
-
Type I collagen
-
Adipose tissue
-
Melanocytes
Frage 28
Frage
What are the functions of the subcutis?
Antworten
-
Heat insulator
-
Produce vitamin D
-
Act as a food store
-
Produce melanin
-
Produce type II collagen
-
Act as a shock absorber
Frage 29
Frage
Which of the following are associated with hair follicles?
Antworten
-
Apocrine sweat glands
-
Eccrine sweat glands
-
Sebaceous glands
-
Arrector pili muscles
Frage 30
Frage
What do sebaceous glands produce?
Antworten
-
Watery substances
-
Sebum
-
Kertain for hair formation
Frage 31
Frage
What is the function of sebum?
Antworten
-
It has antibiotic functions and protects us from bacteria
-
It moisturizes skin and hair
-
It allows us to lose heat when we are too hot
Frage 32
Frage
Hair and nails are made out of the same substance: keratin. True or false?
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 33
Frage
What does soft keratin contain that hard keratin does not?
Antworten
-
Granular layer
-
Adipose tissue
-
Type II collagen
Frage 34
Frage
What are the two types of sweat gland found in skin?
Antworten
-
Sebaceous
-
Apocrine
-
Eccrine
Frage 35
Frage
Which of these sweat glands produces smelly sweat?
Antworten
-
Apocrine
-
Eccrine
Frage 36
Frage
What is the mechanism of secretion for eccrine sweat glands?
Antworten
-
Holocrine
-
Apotosis
-
Merocrine
Frage 37
Frage
How are eccrine sweat glands innervated?
Antworten
-
Sympathetic cholenergic control
-
Sympathetic adrenergic control
-
Parasympathetic cholenergic control
Frage 38
Frage
Where on the body are apocrine sweat glands found?
Antworten
-
Hands and feet
-
Armpits
-
Genitalia and groin
-
Everywhere that there is thick hair on the body
Frage 39
Frage
What is the innervation of apocrine sweat glands?
Antworten
-
Sympathetic adrenergic control
-
Sympathetic cholenergic control
-
Parasympathetic cholenergic control
Frage 40
Frage
What is the function of vitamin D?
Antworten
-
Regulates calcium and phosphate metabolism
-
Regulates sodium and calcium metabolism
-
Regulates sodium and potassium metabolism
Frage 41
Frage
How much vitamin D is produced by our skin?
Antworten
-
25%
-
55%
-
70%
-
90%
Frage 42
Frage
Lack of vitamin D in adults can cause what disease?
Antworten
-
Osteomalacia
-
Osteoarthritis
-
Rickets
-
Osteoporosis
Frage 43
Frage
Where in the body is vitamin D activated?
Antworten
-
Blood vessels
-
Kidneys
-
Spleen
Frage 44
Frage
In what layer of the epidermis are melanocytes found?
Antworten
-
Stratum corneum
-
Stratum lucidum
-
Stratum granulosum
-
Stratum spinosum
-
Stratum basale
Frage 45
Frage
What is the histological appearance of melanocytes?
Antworten
-
Dark, flat cells resting on the basement membrane
-
Cells with many dendrites which mostly penetrate the basale layer
-
Round cells with visible granules inside
Frage 46
Frage
What does melanin do?
Antworten
-
Gives skin its colour
-
Protects the skin from harmful UV radiation
-
All of the above
Frage 47
Frage
What are the two types of melanin?
Antworten
-
Eumelanin
-
Pheomelanin
-
Fibromelanin
-
Neomelanin
Frage 48
Frage
How do these two types of melanin cause the wide range of skin colours seen in humans?
Antworten
-
They are mixed in different ratios
-
Darker skinned people have more melanin than lighter skinned people
-
Lighter skinned people only have one type of melanin
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