Frage 1
Frage
What is atopic eczema?
Antworten
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An inflammatory process affecting the skin
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Loss of melanocytes from the stratum basale
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Thinning of the epidermis
Frage 2
Frage
Atopic eczema is not the most common form of eczema.
Frage 3
Frage
What percentage of the population does eczema affect?
Frage 4
Frage
What is the most common age of onset of atopic eczema?
Antworten
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Childhood
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Middle age
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Aged 60+
Frage 5
Frage
What conditions are often associated with atopic eczema?
Antworten
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Hayfever
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Asthma
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IBS
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Meningitis
Frage 6
Frage
Histologically, which layer of skin thickens in the chronic stage of eczema?
Antworten
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Epidermis
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Dermis
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Subcutis
Frage 7
Frage
In which stage of eczema is the skin likely to be weepy?
Frage 8
Frage
The vesicles that are present during the acute stage of atopic eczema are found....
Frage 9
Frage
Where does infantile atopic eczema usually first present?
Frage 10
Frage
What area of the body does infantile atopic eczema usually spare?
Antworten
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Face
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Nappy area
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Hands and feet
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Torso
Frage 11
Frage
Where does eczema tend to localize to in school-age children?
Antworten
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Flexures
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Extensor surfaces
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Hand and feet
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Between the digits
Frage 12
Frage
What is lichenification?
Antworten
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Thick, leathery skin due to extensive scratching or rubbing of the area
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Thin, papery skin due to the skin drying out
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Thickening of the skin due to the skin drying out
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Skin that has lost its pigment due to excess scratching or rubbing
Frage 13
Frage
Which of the following are common triggers for atopic eczema?
Antworten
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Cleaning products
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Dust mites
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Animal fur
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Pollens
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Salt water
Frage 14
Frage
What can be used to break the itch-scratch cycle commonly seen in eczema?
Antworten
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Mittens or gloves
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Steroids
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Antihistamines
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Oral antibiotics
Frage 15
Frage
How times a day are emollients usually prescribed for a person with eczema?
Antworten
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Once a day
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Twice a day
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Three times a day
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As required
Frage 16
Frage
How can using soap substitutes help in the treatment of eczema?
Frage 17
Frage
How should steroids be used in the treatment of eczema?
Antworten
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Intermittently to control flare ups, but not on more the 7 days in a month
-
Constantly
-
As required, but not for more than a month at a time
Frage 18
Frage
What treatments can a dermatologist offer for eczema that a GP cannot?
Antworten
-
Topical steroids
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Systemic treatments
-
UV light therapy
-
Calcineurin inhibitors
-
Oral antibiotics
Frage 19
Frage
What are calcineurin inhibitors?
Antworten
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Immunomodulating drugs that block calcineurin receptors
-
Immunomodulating drugs that prevent the production of calcineurin
-
Immunomodulating drugs that decrease the effects of calcineurin by binding to it and changing its shape
Frage 20
Frage
What does calcineurin do?
Antworten
-
Activates inflammation within the skin
-
Causes immune cells within the skin to proliferate
-
Aggravates the skin causing inflammation
Frage 21
Frage
Steroids can cause stretch marks or striae on the skin.
Frage 22
Frage
What is the most common bacterial infection that accompanies eczema?
Antworten
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Staphylococcal infection
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E. Coli infection
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Streptococcal infection
Frage 23
Frage
What is the most common viral co-infection that accompanies eczema?
Antworten
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Herpes infection
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Rhotavirus infection
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Coronovirus infection
Frage 24
Frage
When is hyper- or hypo- pigmentation most likely to occur in eczema?
Frage 25
Frage
Eczema does not cause scarring. True or false?
Frage 26
Frage
Where does psoriasis most often occur on the body?
Antworten
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Flexor surfaces
-
Extensor surfaces
-
Torso
-
Extremities
Frage 27
Frage
Which of these descriptions most accurately describes psoriasis?
Antworten
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Well-defined, inflamed plaques which appear white and scaly
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Poor-defined, inflamed plaques which appear white and scaly
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Well-defined, inflamed plaques which appear golden and crusty
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Poorly-defined, inflamed plaques which appear golden and crusty
Frage 28
Frage
What percentage of the population is affected by psoriasis?
Antworten
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0.1-0.5%
-
1-2%
-
5-7%
-
10-15%
Frage 29
Frage
What is the peak age of onset for psoriasis?
Antworten
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15 years old
-
28 years old
-
40 years old
-
67 years old
Frage 30
Frage
Psoriasis only affects women. True or false?
Frage 31
Frage
Psoriasis usually affects extensor surfaces, but where else can it commonly affect?
Frage 32
Frage
The distribution of psoriasis is usually symmetrical. True or false?
Frage 33
Frage
Histologically, what occurs in psoriasis?
Antworten
-
Disordered maturation of keratinocytes
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Increased epidermal transit time of keratinocytes
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Thickening of the epidermis
-
Hyperplasia of keratinocytes in the stratum corneum
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Benign proliferation of Langerhan cells within the epidermis
Frage 34
Frage
How does coal tar help to treat psoriasis?
Antworten
-
Slows the growth of keratinocytes
-
Restores the skins appearance
-
Reduces the irritation of the skin
-
Thins the epidermis
-
Slows hair growth
Frage 35
Frage
Why is coal tar not well tolerated?
Antworten
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It can make the skin red and itchy
-
It can stain clothes, bedding and light-coloured hair
-
It causes hair loss
-
Not very much improvement is seen after short-term use
Frage 36
Frage
How is salicylic acid useful in treating psoriasis?
Frage 37
Frage
What is the mechanism of action of vitamin D analogues used in the treatment of psoriasis?
Antworten
-
Reduces proliferation of keratinocytes and stimulates epidermal cell differentiation
-
Reduces proliferation of melanocytes and stimulated epidermal cell differentiation
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Increases proliferation of keratinocytes and stimulates epidermal cell differentiation
-
Reduces proliferation of keratinocytes and reduces epidermal cell differentiation
Frage 38
Frage
What treatments can dermatologists offer for psoriasis that GPs cannot?
Antworten
-
Topical steroids
-
UV phototherapy
-
Systemic medications
-
Monoclonal antibodies
-
Emollients
-
Coal tar
Frage 39
Frage
Which wavelength of UV light is used in UV phototherapy?
Frage 40
Frage
Why are oral retinoids given before a course of UV phototherapy?
Antworten
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To enhance the effects of the UV phototherapy
-
To sedate the patient
-
To ensure the patient does not experience and nausea or vomiting
-
To reduce the risk of DNA damage to skin cells
Frage 41
Frage
What is the course of treatment for UV phototherapy?
Antworten
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2-3 times per week for 3-4 months
-
As required
-
6 times per week for a month
-
Once per week for one year
Frage 42
Frage
What is the cause of acne vulgaris?
Antworten
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Over-activity of pilo-sebaceous glands
-
Over-activity of apocrine sweat glands
-
Over-activity of eccrine sweat glands
-
Under-activity of pilo-sebaceous glands
Frage 43
Frage
What causes the over stimulation of the sebaceous glands?
Frage 44
Frage
How does the over stimulation of the sebaceous glands then lead to acne?
Antworten
-
The hair follicles become "plugged" with secretions
-
Inflammation occurs within the hair follicles
-
Hair growth is too fast due to increased sebum leading to the follicle becoming blocked
Frage 45
Frage
Where on the body is acne most common?
Antworten
-
Face
-
Upper chest and back
-
Hands
-
Scalp
Frage 46
Frage
Why is acne most common on the face, upper chest and upper back?
Antworten
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Because the highest population of sebaceous glands is found here
-
Because these areas are often exposed
-
Because these areas are most often touched with dirty hands
Frage 47
Frage
How many grades of severity are there for acne vulgaris?
Frage 48
Frage
What do topical retinoids do?
Frage 49
Frage
How should systemic retinoids not be given to?
Frage 50
Frage
How is the oral contraceptive pill useful in treating acne?
Antworten
-
It controls the hormones to prevent over stimulation
-
It makes sebum less viscous preventing "plugging" of the hair follicles
-
It makes hair follicles larger so that they become "plugged" less easily
-
It is used in women and girls to give a placebo effect
Frage 51
Frage
Both oral and topical antibiotics can be used to treat acne vulgaris. True or false?
Frage 52
Frage
What type of infection is impetigo?
Frage 53
Frage
Which bacteria are most commonly responsible for impetigo?
Frage 54
Frage
What feature is very characteristic of impetigo?
Frage 55
Frage
What two treatments are most commonly used to treat impetigo?
Antworten
-
Fucidin cream
-
Oral flucloxadin
-
Topical penicillin
-
Emollients
-
Methotrexate
-
Topical dexamethasone
Frage 56
Frage
What virus usually causes viral warts?
Frage 57
Frage
How are viral warts most commonly transmitted?
Frage 58
Frage
Viral warts are often self-resolving. True or false?
Frage 59
Frage
Which of the following is not a treatment for viral warts?
Frage 60
Frage
Tinea and roundworm are different skin conditions. True or false?
Frage 61
Frage
What is tinea caused by?
Antworten
-
A bacteria
-
A virus
-
A fungus
Frage 62
Frage
What is the usually given as treatment for tinea?
Antworten
-
Topical anti-fungals
-
Topical antibiotics
-
Emollients
-
Topical corticosteroids
Frage 63
Frage
Systemic treatment is never used for tinea infection. True or false?
Frage 64
Frage
What causes actinic keratosis?
Antworten
-
Sun exposure
-
Benign proliferation of melanocytes
-
Hormonal over-stimulation
-
Wear and tear of the skin over time
Frage 65
Frage
In what age group is actinic keratosis most common?
Antworten
-
Over sixties
-
Forties to fifties
-
Teenagers
-
Infants
Frage 66
Frage
Why must actinic keratosis be closely observed?
Antworten
-
Because it can develop into skin cancer
-
Because as it increases in size it can become very painful
-
Because if a person has more than three lesions they may have liver cirrhosis
Frage 67
Frage
What skin cancer is actinic keratosis most likely to develop into?
Antworten
-
Melanoma
-
Squamous cell carcinoma
-
Basal cell carcinoma
Frage 68
Frage
What treatments are there for actinic keratosis?
Antworten
-
Cryptherapy
-
Emollients
-
Topical corticosteroids
-
Systemic retinoids
-
Oral antibiotics
Frage 69
Frage
Which type of skin cancer is considered to be the least serious?
Antworten
-
Basal cell carcinoma
-
Squamous cell carcinoma
-
Melanoma
Frage 70
Frage
Where on the body does basal cell carcinoma most commonly present?
Antworten
-
Head and neck
-
Hands and arms
-
Torso
-
Any sun exposed area
Frage 71
Frage
What is the appearance of a basal cell carcinoma lesion?
Antworten
-
Shiny, translucent nodule
-
Dark, asymmetrical lesion
-
Inflamed, crater-shaped lesion
Frage 72
Frage
Why is basal cell carcinoma not referred under the two week wait rule?
Antworten
-
Because it very rarely metastasizes
-
Because nothing can be done to remove this cancer
-
Because too many people get this type of cancer for the NHS to deal with
Frage 73
Frage
Squamous cell carcinoma only arises from actinic keratosis. True or false?
Frage 74
Frage
What is squamous cell carcinoma caused by?
Frage 75
Frage
What features of a skin lesion would make it suspicious?