1823990
Frage 1
Frage
What is atopic eczema?
Antworten
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An inflammatory process affecting the skin
-
Loss of melanocytes from the stratum basale
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Thinning of the epidermis
Frage 2
Frage
Atopic eczema is not the most common form of eczema.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 3
Frage
What percentage of the population does eczema affect?
Antworten
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5%
-
15%
-
35%
-
60%
Frage 4
Frage
What is the most common age of onset of atopic eczema?
Antworten
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Childhood
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Middle age
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Aged 60+
Frage 5
Frage
What conditions are often associated with atopic eczema?
Antworten
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Hayfever
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Asthma
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IBS
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Meningitis
Frage 6
Frage
Histologically, which layer of skin thickens in the chronic stage of eczema?
Antworten
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Epidermis
-
Dermis
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Subcutis
Frage 7
Frage
In which stage of eczema is the skin likely to be weepy?
Antworten
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Acute
-
Chronic
Frage 8
Frage
The vesicles that are present during the acute stage of atopic eczema are found....
Antworten
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intraepidermally
-
intradermally
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between the epidermis and dermis
Frage 9
Frage
Where does infantile atopic eczema usually first present?
Antworten
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Cheeks
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Nappy area
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Flexures (e.g. crook of elbow)
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Extensor surfaces (e.g. back of elbow)
Frage 10
Frage
What area of the body does infantile atopic eczema usually spare?
Antworten
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Face
-
Nappy area
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Hands and feet
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Torso
Frage 11
Frage
Where does eczema tend to localize to in school-age children?
Antworten
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Flexures
-
Extensor surfaces
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Hand and feet
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Between the digits
Frage 12
Frage
What is lichenification?
Antworten
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Thick, leathery skin due to extensive scratching or rubbing of the area
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Thin, papery skin due to the skin drying out
-
Thickening of the skin due to the skin drying out
-
Skin that has lost its pigment due to excess scratching or rubbing
Frage 13
Frage
Which of the following are common triggers for atopic eczema?
Antworten
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Cleaning products
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Dust mites
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Animal fur
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Pollens
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Salt water
Frage 14
Frage
What can be used to break the itch-scratch cycle commonly seen in eczema?
Antworten
-
Mittens or gloves
-
Steroids
-
Antihistamines
-
Oral antibiotics
Frage 15
Frage
How times a day are emollients usually prescribed for a person with eczema?
Antworten
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Once a day
-
Twice a day
-
Three times a day
-
As required
Frage 16
Frage
How can using soap substitutes help in the treatment of eczema?
Antworten
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Reduce irritation
-
Moisturize the skin
-
Prevent bacteria from entering the affected areas
Frage 17
Frage
How should steroids be used in the treatment of eczema?
Antworten
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Intermittently to control flare ups, but not on more the 7 days in a month
-
Constantly
-
As required, but not for more than a month at a time
Frage 18
Frage
What treatments can a dermatologist offer for eczema that a GP cannot?
Antworten
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Topical steroids
-
Systemic treatments
-
UV light therapy
-
Calcineurin inhibitors
-
Oral antibiotics
Frage 19
Frage
What are calcineurin inhibitors?
Antworten
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Immunomodulating drugs that block calcineurin receptors
-
Immunomodulating drugs that prevent the production of calcineurin
-
Immunomodulating drugs that decrease the effects of calcineurin by binding to it and changing its shape
Frage 20
Frage
What does calcineurin do?
Antworten
-
Activates inflammation within the skin
-
Causes immune cells within the skin to proliferate
-
Aggravates the skin causing inflammation
Frage 21
Frage
Steroids can cause stretch marks or striae on the skin.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 22
Frage
What is the most common bacterial infection that accompanies eczema?
Antworten
-
Staphylococcal infection
-
E. Coli infection
-
Streptococcal infection
Frage 23
Frage
What is the most common viral co-infection that accompanies eczema?
Antworten
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Herpes infection
-
Rhotavirus infection
-
Coronovirus infection
Frage 24
Frage
When is hyper- or hypo- pigmentation most likely to occur in eczema?
Antworten
-
Following treatment with steroids
-
After an acute phase
-
After scarring has healed
Frage 25
Frage
Eczema does not cause scarring. True or false?
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 26
Frage
Where does psoriasis most often occur on the body?
Antworten
-
Flexor surfaces
-
Extensor surfaces
-
Torso
-
Extremities
Frage 27
Frage
Which of these descriptions most accurately describes psoriasis?
Antworten
-
Well-defined, inflamed plaques which appear white and scaly
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Poor-defined, inflamed plaques which appear white and scaly
-
Well-defined, inflamed plaques which appear golden and crusty
-
Poorly-defined, inflamed plaques which appear golden and crusty
Frage 28
Frage
What percentage of the population is affected by psoriasis?
Antworten
-
0.1-0.5%
-
1-2%
-
5-7%
-
10-15%
Frage 29
Frage
What is the peak age of onset for psoriasis?
Antworten
-
15 years old
-
28 years old
-
40 years old
-
67 years old
Frage 30
Frage
Psoriasis only affects women. True or false?
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 31
Frage
Psoriasis usually affects extensor surfaces, but where else can it commonly affect?
Antworten
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Sacrum
-
Scalp
-
Ears
-
Palms of the hands and soles of the feet
-
Cheeks
-
Lips
-
Axillary region
Frage 32
Frage
The distribution of psoriasis is usually symmetrical. True or false?
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 33
Frage
Histologically, what occurs in psoriasis?
Antworten
-
Disordered maturation of keratinocytes
-
Increased epidermal transit time of keratinocytes
-
Thickening of the epidermis
-
Hyperplasia of keratinocytes in the stratum corneum
-
Benign proliferation of Langerhan cells within the epidermis
Frage 34
Frage
How does coal tar help to treat psoriasis?
Antworten
-
Slows the growth of keratinocytes
-
Restores the skins appearance
-
Reduces the irritation of the skin
-
Thins the epidermis
-
Slows hair growth
Frage 35
Frage
Why is coal tar not well tolerated?
Antworten
-
It can make the skin red and itchy
-
It can stain clothes, bedding and light-coloured hair
-
It causes hair loss
-
Not very much improvement is seen after short-term use
Frage 36
Frage
How is salicylic acid useful in treating psoriasis?
Antworten
-
It softens the plaques and helps lift them off the skin to reveal normal skin underneath
-
It reduces blood pressure which helps to prevent psoriasis flare-ups
-
It moisturizes the skin
Frage 37
Frage
What is the mechanism of action of vitamin D analogues used in the treatment of psoriasis?
Antworten
-
Reduces proliferation of keratinocytes and stimulates epidermal cell differentiation
-
Reduces proliferation of melanocytes and stimulated epidermal cell differentiation
-
Increases proliferation of keratinocytes and stimulates epidermal cell differentiation
-
Reduces proliferation of keratinocytes and reduces epidermal cell differentiation
Frage 38
Frage
What treatments can dermatologists offer for psoriasis that GPs cannot?
Antworten
-
Topical steroids
-
UV phototherapy
-
Systemic medications
-
Monoclonal antibodies
-
Emollients
-
Coal tar
Frage 39
Frage
Which wavelength of UV light is used in UV phototherapy?
Antworten
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UV A
-
UV B
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UV C
Frage 40
Frage
Why are oral retinoids given before a course of UV phototherapy?
Antworten
-
To enhance the effects of the UV phototherapy
-
To sedate the patient
-
To ensure the patient does not experience and nausea or vomiting
-
To reduce the risk of DNA damage to skin cells
Frage 41
Frage
What is the course of treatment for UV phototherapy?
Antworten
-
2-3 times per week for 3-4 months
-
As required
-
6 times per week for a month
-
Once per week for one year
Frage 42
Frage
What is the cause of acne vulgaris?
Antworten
-
Over-activity of pilo-sebaceous glands
-
Over-activity of apocrine sweat glands
-
Over-activity of eccrine sweat glands
-
Under-activity of pilo-sebaceous glands
Frage 43
Frage
What causes the over stimulation of the sebaceous glands?
Antworten
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Hormonal stimulation
-
Diet
-
Sympathetic nervous stimulation
-
Parasympathetic nervous stimulation
Frage 44
Frage
How does the over stimulation of the sebaceous glands then lead to acne?
Antworten
-
The hair follicles become "plugged" with secretions
-
Inflammation occurs within the hair follicles
-
Hair growth is too fast due to increased sebum leading to the follicle becoming blocked
Frage 45
Frage
Where on the body is acne most common?
Antworten
-
Face
-
Upper chest and back
-
Hands
-
Scalp
Frage 46
Frage
Why is acne most common on the face, upper chest and upper back?
Antworten
-
Because the highest population of sebaceous glands is found here
-
Because these areas are often exposed
-
Because these areas are most often touched with dirty hands
Frage 47
Frage
How many grades of severity are there for acne vulgaris?
Antworten
-
3
-
4
-
6
-
7
Frage 48
Frage
What do topical retinoids do?
Antworten
-
Dry skin out
-
Moisturize the skin
-
Prevent stimulation of sebaceous glands
-
Reduce the viscosity of sebum
Frage 49
Frage
How should systemic retinoids not be given to?
Antworten
-
Pregnant women
-
Anyone under the age of 12
-
Anyone taking oral antibiotics
Frage 50
Frage
How is the oral contraceptive pill useful in treating acne?
Antworten
-
It controls the hormones to prevent over stimulation
-
It makes sebum less viscous preventing "plugging" of the hair follicles
-
It makes hair follicles larger so that they become "plugged" less easily
-
It is used in women and girls to give a placebo effect
Frage 51
Frage
Both oral and topical antibiotics can be used to treat acne vulgaris. True or false?
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 52
Frage
What type of infection is impetigo?
Antworten
-
Bacterial
-
Viral
-
Fungal
Frage 53
Frage
Which bacteria are most commonly responsible for impetigo?
Antworten
-
Staphylococcus aureus
-
Staphylococcus pyogenes
-
E. coli
-
All Streptococcal bacteria
Frage 54
Frage
What feature is very characteristic of impetigo?
Antworten
-
Golden-yellow crust
-
Severe inflammation
-
Purple-ish flecks within the rash
Frage 55
Frage
What two treatments are most commonly used to treat impetigo?
Antworten
-
Fucidin cream
-
Oral flucloxadin
-
Topical penicillin
-
Emollients
-
Methotrexate
-
Topical dexamethasone
Frage 56
Frage
What virus usually causes viral warts?
Antworten
-
Human papilloma virus
-
Rhotar virus
-
Astrovirus
-
Herpes simplex virus type I
Frage 57
Frage
How are viral warts most commonly transmitted?
Antworten
-
In water
-
By sharing clothes or bedding
-
By touching the wart and then touching areas of damaged skin
Frage 58
Frage
Viral warts are often self-resolving. True or false?
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 59
Frage
Which of the following is not a treatment for viral warts?
Antworten
-
Duct taping and filing down
-
Salicylic acid
-
Cryotherapy
-
Topical antibiotics
Frage 60
Frage
Tinea and roundworm are different skin conditions. True or false?
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 61
Frage
What is tinea caused by?
Antworten
-
A bacteria
-
A virus
-
A fungus
Frage 62
Frage
What is the usually given as treatment for tinea?
Antworten
-
Topical anti-fungals
-
Topical antibiotics
-
Emollients
-
Topical corticosteroids
Frage 63
Frage
Systemic treatment is never used for tinea infection. True or false?
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 64
Frage
What causes actinic keratosis?
Antworten
-
Sun exposure
-
Benign proliferation of melanocytes
-
Hormonal over-stimulation
-
Wear and tear of the skin over time
Frage 65
Frage
In what age group is actinic keratosis most common?
Antworten
-
Over sixties
-
Forties to fifties
-
Teenagers
-
Infants
Frage 66
Frage
Why must actinic keratosis be closely observed?
Antworten
-
Because it can develop into skin cancer
-
Because as it increases in size it can become very painful
-
Because if a person has more than three lesions they may have liver cirrhosis
Frage 67
Frage
What skin cancer is actinic keratosis most likely to develop into?
Antworten
-
Melanoma
-
Squamous cell carcinoma
-
Basal cell carcinoma
Frage 68
Frage
What treatments are there for actinic keratosis?
Antworten
-
Cryptherapy
-
Emollients
-
Topical corticosteroids
-
Systemic retinoids
-
Oral antibiotics
Frage 69
Frage
Which type of skin cancer is considered to be the least serious?
Antworten
-
Basal cell carcinoma
-
Squamous cell carcinoma
-
Melanoma
Frage 70
Frage
Where on the body does basal cell carcinoma most commonly present?
Antworten
-
Head and neck
-
Hands and arms
-
Torso
-
Any sun exposed area
Frage 71
Frage
What is the appearance of a basal cell carcinoma lesion?
Antworten
-
Shiny, translucent nodule
-
Dark, asymmetrical lesion
-
Inflamed, crater-shaped lesion
Frage 72
Frage
Why is basal cell carcinoma not referred under the two week wait rule?
Antworten
-
Because it very rarely metastasizes
-
Because nothing can be done to remove this cancer
-
Because too many people get this type of cancer for the NHS to deal with
Frage 73
Frage
Squamous cell carcinoma only arises from actinic keratosis. True or false?
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 74
Frage
What is squamous cell carcinoma caused by?
Antworten
-
Cumulative sun-exposure
-
Over stimulation by hormones
-
Smoking
-
Some recreational drugs
Frage 75
Frage
What features of a skin lesion would make it suspicious?
Antworten
-
One solid colour only
-
Asymmetry
-
Clear borders
-
Diameter bigger than 6mm
-
Additional features, e.g. itching or bleeding
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