1990843
Frage 1
Frage
Which of the following is a macronutrient?
Antworten
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Manganese
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Magnesium
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Zinc
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Cobalt
Frage 2
Frage
Denitrification is a process by which:
Antworten
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Nitrogen gas is fixed by microorganisms
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Nitrates are reduced to nitrogen gas
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Nitrates are reduced to ammonia
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Nitrogen is assimilated into cellular material
Frage 3
Frage
Carl Woese of the University of Illinois and his collaborators identified two major branches of prokaryotic evolution. What was the basis for dividing prokaryotes into two domains?
Antworten
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Microscopic examination of the staining characteristics of the cell wall
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Metabolic characteristics such as the production of methane gas
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Ecological characteristics such as the ability to survive extreme temperatures
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Molecular characteristics such as ribosomal RNA sequences
Frage 4
Frage
Catalase is indispensable to:
Antworten
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Obligate anaerobes
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Aerotolerant anaerobes
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Aerobes
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All of the above
Frage 5
Frage
Addition of blood to a culture medium allows haemolytic bacteria to be picked out. This is an example of a:
Antworten
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Selective medium
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Differential medium
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Synthetic medium
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Defined medium
Frage 6
Frage
Which of these environmental factors influence microbial growth?
Antworten
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pH
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Water potential
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Oxygen
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All of the above
Frage 7
Frage
Mutations are:
Antworten
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Chemical modifications of DNA or RNA molecules
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Any changes of bacterial genome as compared with a wild type
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Events resulting from genetic exchange between bacterial plasmids
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Sequencing errors
Frage 8
Frage
A Wild-type bacterial strain is:
Antworten
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A strain with a limited number of mutations
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An arbitrarily chosen strain
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A strain without plasmids
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A strain which is sensitive to antibiotics
Frage 9
Frage
Viruses may encode their genomes as:
Antworten
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DNA
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RNA
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negative strand RNA
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All of the above
Frage 10
Frage
Virus particles:
Antworten
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Are always smaller than bacterial cells
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Can replicate independently of a host cell if provided with a nutrient medium
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Can use some of the enzymes expressed in the host cell to aid their replication
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Are always eliminated by the host immune system
Frage 11
Frage
The symptom ‘chlorosis’ which develops when some fungi infect plants is due to:
Antworten
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Cell death
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Nutrient imbalance
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Impaired photosynthesis
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Excess plant hormones
Frage 12
Frage
Which of the following is NOT a correct statement about true fungi:
Antworten
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True fungi are eukaryotic
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All true fungi are multi-cellular
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True fungi are heterotrophic
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Most true fungi have chitin cell walls
Frage 13
Frage
The Bacille-Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is:
Antworten
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Heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Attenuated live Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Mycobacterium bovis
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Attenuated live Mycobacterium bovis
Frage 14
Frage
Which of the following is transmitted to humans by arthropods?
Antworten
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Tuberculosis
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Malaria
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Cholera
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Typhoid
Frage 15
Frage
Pasteur is attributed with which one of the following discoveries?
Antworten
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Was the first to see microorganisms under a microscope
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First to discover and use agar
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That there could be life without air
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The first chemical antibiotics
Frage 16
Frage
The length of a typical E. coli cell is approximately?
Antworten
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20 μm
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2 μm
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200 nm
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20 nm
Frage 17
Frage
With respect to differences between members of the archaeal and bacterial domains/kingdoms, which is the CORRECT statement?
Antworten
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Both have peptidoglycan in their cell walls
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Only some Archaea are capable of methanogenesis
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Archaea are sensitive to β-lactam antibiotics
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Bacteria have similar RNA polymerase to that of Archaea
Frage 18
Frage
Which statement is correct with respect to the E. coli chromosome?
Antworten
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It is negatively supercoiled
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It is positively supercoiled
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There are typically several origins of replication
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It consists of over 50 million base pairs
Frage 19
Frage
A culture of E. coli is diluted by a factor of x 10-5 and, after plating out 100 μl on an agar plate, 78 colonies grew after incubation at 37oC overnight. The original culture therefore contained how many viable E. coli cells per ml?
Antworten
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7.8 x 10(7)
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7.8 x 10(8)
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7.8 x 10(6)
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7.8 x 10(5)
Frage 20
Frage
Bacterial flagella bring about cell motion by which mechanism?
Antworten
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Wave-like movement of the flagellum
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Rotation of the cell
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Rotation of the flagellum in one direction only
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Rotation of the flagellum that is reversible
Frage 21
Frage
Incorporation of atmospheric N2 to NH4+ occurs via the process of:
Antworten
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Nitrogen fixation
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Nitrification
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Denitrification
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None of the above, atmospheric N2 cannot be incorporated into NH4+.
Frage 22
Frage
Active transport is necessary when:
Antworten
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Diffusion will not allow adequate amounts of a substance to enter the cell
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Movement into the cell is against a concentration gradient
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The level of nutrients in nature is very low
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All of the above
Frage 23
Frage
The size of the most useful RNA molecule for prokaryotic evolutionary studies is:
Antworten
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5S
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16S
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18S
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23S
Frage 24
Frage
Siderophores:
Antworten
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Act as a solvent for iron and transport iron into the cells
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Are a key component of cytochromes
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Help maintain osmotic balance in seawater microbes
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Develop when errors in membrane synthesis occur
Frage 25
Frage
Chemical energy is released when organic or inorganic compounds are:
Antworten
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Reduced
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Incorporated into larger molecules
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Synthesized
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Oxidized
Frage 26
Frage
MacConkey agar selects for:
Antworten
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Gram-negative enteric bacteria
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Gram-positive bacteria
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Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
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Haemolytic microorganisms
Frage 27
Frage
The Bacterial chromosome is:
Antworten
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Circular DNA
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Linear DNA
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Either circular or linear DNA
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Double stranded RNA
Frage 28
Frage
With regards to bacterial plasmids which statement is the CORRECT one?
Antworten
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Plasmids are extra chromosomal DNA that encode only resistance to antibiotics
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Plasmids are a part of the bacterial chromosome
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Plasmids are single stranded DNA found in some bacteria
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Plasmids are extra chromosomal DNA molecules
Frage 29
Frage
Which is the TRUE statement below:
Antworten
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Viruses do not infect microorganisms
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All viruses are enveloped
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All viruses cause disease
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All viruses are parasites
Frage 30
Frage
The poliovirus mature virus particle:
Antworten
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Contains 240 copies of a single protein
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Contains 60 copies of four proteins
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Has a dsDNA genome
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Has a single stranded negative–sense genome
Frage 31
Frage
Phytophthora infestans is a fungus-like organism which:
Antworten
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Causes disease of a wide range of woody hosts
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Causes potato blight
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Causes ringworm
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Causes black sigatoka disease of banana
Frage 32
Frage
Zoophilic dermatophytes are:
Antworten
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normally associated with animals and humans
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normally only associated with humans
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mainly associated with the soil
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mainly associated with contaminated water
Frage 33
Frage
Which of the following is primarily a respiratory pathogen?
Antworten
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Vibrio cholerae
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Salmonella typhi
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Mycobacterium leprae
Frage 34
Frage
Which of the following is NOT an acquired mechanism of antibiotic resistance in bacteria?
Antworten
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Beta-lactamase production
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Efflux pump antibiotic export
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Lack of peptidoglycan
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RNA polymerase single nucleotide change
Frage 35
Frage
With regard to the differences between bacterial and eukaryotic cells which statement is the CORRECT one?
Antworten
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Bacterial cells contain mitochondria
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Bacterial cells are usually larger than eukaryote cells
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Bacteria do not contain a chromosome
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Only bacterial cells are sensitive to β-lactam antibiotics
Frage 36
Frage
Koch’s postulates most correctly relate to which one of the following statements?
Antworten
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The isolation of a bacterium in culture from a human alone indicates that it causes disease
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Determination in a series of logical steps the agent that causes disease
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The observation of bacterial cells in tissue from a human with disease indicates that the observed bacterium has caused the disease
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Inoculation of a bacterium into an animal to cause disease alone indicates that it is the cause of the disease observed
Frage 37
Frage
Which statement is CORRECT with respect to Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?
Antworten
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LPS is found in Gram positive cells
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LPS is found in Gram negative cells in the cytoplasmic membrane
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LPS is found in the outer-membrane of Gram negative cells.
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LPS is found inside all bacterial cells
Frage 38
Frage
A culture of E. coli is diluted by a factor of 10-6 and, after plating out 100 μl on an agar plate, 94 colonies grew after incubation at 37oC overnight. The original culture therefore contained how many viable E. coli cells per ml?
Antworten
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9.4 x 10(7)
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9.4 x 10(8)
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9.4 x 10(6)
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9.4 x 10(5)
Frage 39
Frage
With respect to differences between members of the archaeal and bacterial domains/kingdoms, which is the CORRECT statement?
Antworten
-
Both have peptidoglycan in their cell walls
-
Only some Archaea are capable of methanogenesis
-
Archaea are sensitive to β-lactam antibiotics
-
Bacteria have similar RNA polymerase to that of Archaea
Frage 40
Frage
Which statement is CORRECT with respect to peptidoglycan?
Antworten
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There are multiple molecules of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls
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Only Gram positive cells possess peptidoglycan
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There is only a single molecule of peptidoglycan in a bacterial cell wall
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Peptidoglycan is only found in the Gram negative cell wall
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