Microorganism MCQs (ALL)

Question

A microbe growing in a functioning refrigerator is probably a:

Answer 1

Psychrophile

Answer 2

Thermophile

Answer 3

Hyperthermophile

Answer 4

Psychrophile.

Answer 5

Mesophile.

Answer 6

Barophile and psychrophile

Answer 7

Barophile.

Answer 8

Selective medium

Answer 9

Differential medium

Answer 10

Complex medium

Answer 11

Synthetic medium

Answer 12

Potassium, magnesium, zinc

Answer 13

Phosphorus, cobalt, manganese

Answer 14

Calcium, potassium, zinc

Answer 15

Phosphorus, potassium, magnesium

Answer 16

Chemolithoautotrophs

Answer 17

Photoorganoheterotrophs

Answer 18

Photolithoautotrophs

Answer 19

Chemoorganoheterotrophs

Answer 20

Can survive dry conditions

Answer 21

Can grow only when there is a mixture of stress parameters (e.g. high temperatures and low pH)

Answer 22

Can grow optimally under extreme conditions

Answer 23

Becomes dormant under extreme conditions

Answer 24

Metabolism.

Answer 25

Anabolism.

Answer 26

Catabolism.

Answer 27

Synthatabolism.

Answer 28

Microscopic examination of the staining characteristics of the cell wall

Answer 29

Metabolic characteristics such as the production of methane gas

Answer 30

Ecological characteristics such as the ability to survive extreme temperatures

Answer 31

Molecular characteristics such as ribosomal RNA sequences

Answer 32

Diffusion will not allow adequate amounts of a substance to enter the cell

Answer 33

Movement into the cell is against a concentration gradient

Answer 34

The level of nutrients in nature is very low

Answer 35

All of the above

Answer 36

Obligate anaerobes

Answer 37

Aerotolerant anaerobes

Answer 38

All of the above

Answer 39

Incorporated into larger molecules

Answer 40

Synthesized

Answer 41

Nitrogen gas is fixed by microorganisms

Answer 42

Nitrates are reduced to nitrogen gas

Answer 43

Nitrates are reduced to ammonia

Answer 44

Nitrogen is assimilated into cellular material

Answer 45

Nitrogen fixation.

Answer 46

Nitrification.

Answer 47

Denitrification.

Answer 48

None of the above, atmospheric N2 cannot be incorporated into NH4+

Answer 49

Gram-negative bacteria

Answer 50

Gram-positive bacteria

Answer 51

Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria

Answer 52

Haemolytic microorganisms

Answer 53

Chemolithoautrophy

Answer 54

Photolithoautrophy

Answer 55

Chemoheteroautrophy

Answer 56

Chemoorganoheterotrophy

Answer 57

Light as an energy source and CO2 as a carbon source

Answer 58

Light as an energy and methane as a carbon source

Answer 59

CO2 as both an energy source and a carbon source

Answer 60

All of the above

Answer 61

Act as a solvent for iron and transport it into the cells

Answer 62

Are a key component of cytochromes

Answer 63

Help maintain osmotic balance in seawater microbes

Answer 64

Develop when errors in membrane synthesis occur

Answer 65

Minimum temperatures

Answer 66

Optimum temperatures

Answer 67

Maximum temperatures

Answer 68

Minimum, optimum, and maximum temperatures taken together

Answer 69

bacillus subtilis (italics)

Answer 70

Bacillus subtilis

Answer 71

Bacillus Subtilis (italics)

Answer 72

Bacillus subtilis (italics)

Answer 73

Phylogenetic probe

Answer 74

Reclassification of misclassified organisms

Answer 75

Defining of a specific group within a domain

Answer 76

All of the above

Answer 77

Nutrient broth.

Answer 78

MacConkey agar.

Answer 79

Blood agar.

Answer 80

Tryptic soya broth.

Answer 81

Superoxide anion

Answer 82

Hydrogen peroxide

Answer 83

Hydroxyl radical

Answer 84

All of the above

Answer 85

Water potential

Answer 86

All of the above

Answer 87

Extreme halophiles

Answer 88

Extreme thermophiles

Answer 89

Methanogens

Answer 90

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in root nodules

Answer 91

A strain with a limited number of mutations

Answer 92

An arbitrarily chosen strain

Answer 93

A strain without plasmids

Answer 94

A strain which is sensitive to antibiotics

Answer 95

Are stretches of double stranded RNA

Answer 96

Have introns

Answer 97

Are often organised into operons

Answer 98

Are always present in two copies

Answer 99

A study of the entire bacterial genome

Answer 100

Sequencing of the bacterial chromosome

Answer 101

A study of essential genes and genetic elements

Answer 102

Sequencing of DNA samples obtained from the environment

Answer 103

Change of DNA structure caused by radiation

Answer 104

Amplification of DNA molecules followed by cell division

Answer 105

Physical exchange between DNA molecules

Answer 106

Process resulting in protein synthesis

Answer 107

Chemical modifications of DNA or RNA molecules

Answer 108

Any changes of bacterial genome as compared with a wild type

Answer 109

Events resulting from genetic exchange between bacterial plasmids

Answer 110

Sequencing errors

Answer 111

Proteomics

Answer 112

Use of restriction enzymes

Answer 113

Gene sequencing

Answer 114

Studies of signal-transduction pathways

Answer 115

Mostly diploid but includes several haploid regions

Answer 116

A single circular DNA molecule

Answer 117

Mostly haploid

Answer 118

A double stranded RNA molecule

Answer 119

Metagenomics is a genome level study of the whole microbial community

Answer 120

Metagenomics is a genomics of industrially and medically important bacteria

Answer 121

Metagenomics is a study of gene expression

Answer 122

Metagenomics is a comparative analysis of the sequenced microbial genomes

Answer 123

A plasmid is a regulatory gene

Answer 124

A plasmid is a short RNA molecule

Answer 125

A plasmid is an extra chromosomal DNA molecule

Answer 126

A plasmid is a non coding region found in some bacterial genomes

Answer 127

6.3 x 10(7)

Answer 128

6.3 x 10(8)

Answer 129

6.3 x 10(6)

Answer 130

6.3 x 10(5)

Answer 131

Wave-like movement of the flagellum

Answer 132

Rotation of the cell

Answer 133

Rotation of the flagellum in one direction only

Answer 134

Rotation of the flagellum that is reversible

Answer 135

The isolation of a bacterium in culture from an infection alone indicates that it caused the disease

Answer 136

Isolation and cultivation of a microorganism from a diseased animal, then inoculation into another healthy animal to cause the same disease, followed by re-isolation of the same microorganism, indicates that it is the cause of the disease

Answer 137

The observation of virus particles in tissue from a human with disease indicates that it has caused the disease

Answer 138

Inoculation of a bacterium into an animal and observation of disease alone indicates that it is the cause of the disease observed

Answer 139

Was the first to see microorganisms under a microscope

Answer 140

First to discover and use agar

Answer 141

That there could be life without air

Answer 142

The first chemical antibiotics

Answer 143

Bacterial cells do not contain mitochondria

Answer 144

Bacterial cells are usually larger than eukaryote cells

Answer 145

Bacteria do not contain a chromosome

Answer 146

Bacterial cells are not sensitive to β-lactam antibiotics

Answer 147

Both have peptidoglycan in their cell walls

Answer 148

Only some Archaea are capable of methanogenesis

Answer 149

Archaea are sensitive to β-lactam antibiotics

Answer 150

Bacteria have similar RNA polymerase to that of Archaea

Answer 151

It is negatively supercoiled

Answer 152

It is positively supercoiled

Answer 153

There are typically several origins of replication

Answer 154

It consists of over 50 million base pairs

Answer 155

LPS is found in Gram positive cells

Answer 156

LPS is found in Gram negative cells in the cytoplasmic membrane

Answer 157

LPS is found in the outer-membrane of Gram negative cells

Answer 158

LPS is associated with all bacterial cells

Answer 159

There are multiple molecules of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls

Answer 160

Only Gram positive cells possess peptidoglycan

Answer 161

There is only a single molecule of peptidoglycan in a bacterial cell wall

Answer 162

Peptidoglycan is only found in Gram negative cell walls

Answer 163

Zygospores

Answer 164

Fungal root disease of bananas

Answer 165

Fungal foliar disease of bananas

Answer 166

Fungal fruit disease of apples

Answer 167

Fungal foliar disease of potatoes

Answer 168

Biomass acquisition

Answer 169

Reduced vitality

Answer 170

Nucleic-acid replication

Answer 171

Enhanced ability to compete with other microbial species

Answer 172

Degrading sand particles to release Si

Answer 173

Facilitating desiccation of water-logged soils

Answer 174

Degrading organic matter and releasing nutrients

Answer 175

Preventing bacterial growth

Answer 176

This can be where nutrients are most concentrated

Answer 177

Solid surfaces may provide anchorage

Answer 178

Other microbes, that leak useful metabolites, may inhabit such niches

Answer 179

There is typically less water on physical surfaces and fungi avoid water

Answer 180

In the oceans

Answer 181

Under glaciers

Answer 182

In the atmosphere

Answer 183

Addition of benzene

Answer 184

Low water-activity

Answer 185

Refrigeration

Answer 186

Heat-sterilization

Answer 187

True fungi

Answer 188

Fungus-like organisms

Answer 189

Slime moulds

Answer 190

Causes disease of a wide range of woody hosts

Answer 191

Causes potato blight

Answer 192

Causes ringworm

Answer 193

Causes black sigatoka disease of banana

Answer 194

Potato blight

Answer 195

Sudden Oak Death

Answer 196

Coffee rust

Answer 197

Ash dieback

Answer 198

Yellowing of infected or surrounding tissue

Answer 199

Uncontrolled cell division resulting in the formation of a gall

Answer 200

Death of infected or surrounding cells

Answer 201

Premature leaf fall

Answer 202

It facilitates nutrient cycling and waste degradation

Answer 203

It kills host organisms and thereby averts overpopulation

Answer 204

It facilitates species evolution via endosymbiosis

Answer 205

It involves mineralization of inorganic rocks in the lithosphere

Answer 206

Occur at some distance from the point of infection

Answer 207

Normally occur close to the site of active infection

Answer 208

Are an ideal place to isolate the causal organism

Answer 209

Never occur at the same time as primary symptoms

Answer 210

Generation of data from biological experiments

Answer 211

Mathematical quantification of changes in cell components

Answer 212

Creation of a model of the cellular system in silico

Answer 213

Creation of a conceptual model based on philosophical techniques

Answer 214

Cell death

Answer 215

Nutrient imbalance

Answer 216

Impaired photosynthesis

Answer 217

Excess plant hormones

Answer 218

Abnormal cell enlargement

Answer 219

Downward growth of petioles

Answer 220

Uncontrolled cell division

Answer 221

Restriction of water transport

Answer 222

True fungi are eukaryotic

Answer 223

All true fungi are multi-cellular

Answer 224

True fungi are heterotrophic

Answer 225

Most true fungi have chitin cell walls

Answer 226

Superficial mycoses

Answer 227

Dermatophytes

Answer 228

Susceptible host

Answer 229

Climate change

Answer 230

Active pathogen

Answer 231

Suitable environment

Answer 232

Phytophthora infestans

Answer 233

Botrytis cinerea

Answer 234

Agaricus bisporus

Answer 235

Taphrina deformans

Answer 236

They are obligate pathogens

Answer 237

They are host specific pathogens

Answer 238

They have an active saprophytic phase

Answer 239

They form basidiospores as part of their life cycle

Answer 240

Some species of yeasts are highly tolerant to ethanol stress

Answer 241

Some species of fungi are extremely xerophilic

Answer 242

Many fungi are more tolerant to water stress than any bacterial species

Answer 243

Fungi can grow over the entire pH range from 0 to 14

Answer 244

normally associated with animals and humans

Answer 245

normally only associated with humans

Answer 246

mainly associated with the soil

Answer 247

mainly associated with contaminated water

Answer 248

Beta-lactam antibiotics

Answer 249

Rifampicin

Answer 250

Quinolone antibiotics

Answer 251

Metronidazole

Answer 252

Heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 253

Attenuated live Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 254

Mycobacterium bovis

Answer 255

Attenuated live Mycobacterium bovis

Answer 256

Peptidoglycan synthesis

Answer 257

DNA gyrase

Answer 258

Lipid synthesis

Answer 259

RNA polymerase

Answer 260

Whooping cough

Answer 261

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Answer 262

Lipopolysaccharide

Answer 263

Beta-lactamase production

Answer 264

Efflux pump antibiotic export

Answer 265

Lack of peptidoglycan

Answer 266

RNA polymerase single nucleotide change

Answer 267

Gonorrhoea

Answer 268

Tuberculosis

Answer 269

Meningitis

Answer 270

Vibrio cholera

Answer 271

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 272

Salmonella typhi

Answer 273

Mycobacterium leprae

Answer 274

Tuberculosis

Answer 275

Stomach ulcer

Answer 276

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 277

Cervical cancer

Answer 278

Liver cancer

Answer 279

Enter cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis

Answer 280

Replicate their genomes in the nucleus of the cell

Answer 281

Replicate their genomes in the cytoplasm of the cell

Answer 282

Surround their progeny genomes with capsid proteins inside infected cells

Answer 283

non-structural proteins

Answer 284

a protease enzyme

Answer 285

a DNA or RNA genome

Answer 286

a reverse transcriptase

Answer 287

Has a double-stranded DNA genome

Answer 288

Has a capsid that is composed of 240 copies of a single protein

Answer 289

Replicates primarily in the upper respiratory tract

Answer 290

Belongs to the enterovirus genus of the picornavirus family

Answer 291

Double stranded DNA

Answer 292

Single stranded DNA

Answer 293

Single stranded RNA

Answer 294

DNA and RNA

Answer 295

Contains 240 copies of a single protein

Answer 296

Contains 60 copies of four proteins

Answer 297

Has a dsDNA genome

Answer 298

Has a single stranded negative–sense genome

Answer 299

An icosahedral capsid

Answer 300

A helical capsid

Answer 301

Multiple copies of each of four proteins making up the capsid

Answer 302

Multiple copies of two proteins making up the capsid

Answer 303

Viruses do not infect microorganisms

Answer 304

All viruses are enveloped

Answer 305

All viruses cause disease

Answer 306

All viruses are parasites

Answer 307

negative strand RNA

Answer 308

All of the above

Answer 309

Are always smaller than bacterial cells

Answer 310

Can replicate independently of a host cell if provided with a nutrient medium

Answer 311

Can use some of the enzymes expressed in the host cell to aid their replication

Answer 312

Are always eliminated by the host immune system

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Microorganism MCQs (ALL)

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